Application of Health Belief Model to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behaviour Intention Among Civil Servants in Ethiopia: A Mixed Method Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Theoretical framework adapted of health belief model applied to the behavioral intention of weight management from Glanz textbook 5th edition, showing the proposed relationship between the Independent variable and weight management behavior, Wollo University, Ethiopia, July 2023GC.

Table 1 Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the Components of the Application of Health Belief Model to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behaviour Intention Among Civil Servants, Dessie Town, Ethiopia

Construct	Items	Factor Loadings	Eigenvalue
Intention	Q301	0.63	2.16
	Q301	0.65
	Q303	0.69
	Q304	0.71
	Q305	0.60
Perceived susceptibility	Q401	0.28	1.74
	Q402	0.47
	Q403	0.51
	Q404	0.40
	Q405	0.57
	Q406	0.58
	Q407	0.58
Perceived severity	Q501	0.76	3.44
	Q502	0.71
	Q503	0.72
	Q504	0.79
	Q505	0.72
	Q506	0.62
	Q507	0.62
Perceived barriers	Q601	0.42	1.91
	Q602	0.56
	Q603	0.82
	Q604	0.70
	Q605	0.48
Perceived benefits	Q701	0.13	4.60
	Q702	0.56
	Q703	0.68
	Q704	0.88
	Q705	0.86
	Q706	0.87
	Q707	0.87
	Q708	0.71
	Q709	0.49
Perceived self-efficacy in dieting	Q901	0.62	3.82
	Q902	0.72
	Q903	0.66
	Q904	0.84
	Q905	0.76
	Q906	0.77
	Q907	0.75
Perceived self-efficacy in exercise	Q101	0.74	2.28
	Q102	0.84
	Q103	0.73
	Q104	0.70

Note: NB: Q301= Question number 301 …etc.

Table 2 Internal Consistency of Constructs of Application of Health Believe Model to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behavior Intention Among Civil Servants, Dessie Town, Ethiopia

Constructs	Cronbach’s Alpha	Composite Reliability
Behavioral intention	0.79	0.78
Perceived susceptibility	0.68	0.68
Perceived severity	0.86	0.87
Perceived barriers	0.73	0.71
Perceived benefits	0.88	0.88
Perceived self-efficacy in dieting	0.89	0.90
Perceived self-efficacy in exercise	0.84	0.82

Table 3 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Study Participants, Dessie Town, Ethiopia, July 2023

Variables		Frequency	Percent
Sex	Male	225	54.88
	Female	185	45.12
Educational level	Diploma	41	9.86
	Bachelor’s degree	280	68.29
	Master	89	21.85
Marital status	Single	178	43.41
	Married	217	52.92
	Divorced	15	3.66
Monthly income in |Eth. Birr	<1000	11	2.69
	1001–2000	55	13.41
	2001–4000	114	27.80
	4001–7500	98	23.90
	>7500	132	31.20

Table 4 Baseline Characteristics of the Study Participants to Application of Health Belief Model to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behaviour Intention Among Civil Servants, Dessie Town, Ethiopia

Variables		Frequency	Percent
Obese family member	Yes	170	41.46
	No	240	58.54
Experience in weight loss behaviour	Yes	195	47.56
	No	215	52.44
Reason for weight management behaviour	Health	85	43.59
	Better appearance	15	7.69
	Health and better appearance	95	48.72
Experience with diet therapy	Yes	245	59.76
	No	165	40.24
Experience with exercise therapy	Yes	255	62.20
	No	155	37.80

Table 5 Descriptive Statistics for the Constructs of Health Belief Model to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behaviour Intention Among Civil Servants, Dessie Town, Ethiopia

Variables	No of Items	Min	Max	Mean	SD
Behavioural Intention	5	5	24	14.60	4.42
Perceived susceptibility	7	9	32	20.26	4.89
Perceived severity	7	7	35	22.35	6.78
Perceived barriers	5	5	25	14.52	3.98
Perceived benefits	10	10	34	23.72	6.18
Perceived self-efficacy in dieting	7	7	35`	23.11	6.73
Perceived self-efficacy in exercise	4	4	20	13.33	4.51

Table 6 Predictors of the Behavioural Intention of Weight Management Behaviour to Assess Predictors of Weight Management Behaviour Intention Among Civil Servants, Dessie Town, Ethiopia

Variables	Categories	Beta Coefficient	P value	95% CI
				Lower	Upper
Age		0.01	0.876	−0.047	0.055
Sex	Male	RC	RC	RC	RC
	Female	1.27	0.001*	0.553	1.982
Educational level	Diploma	RC	RC	RC	RC
	Bachelor’s degree	1.80	0.018*	0.310	3.289
	Master	2.10	0.010*	0.501	3.628
Marital status	Single	RC	RC	RC	RC
	Married	0.43	0.261	−0.319	1.174
	Divorced	−5.92	0.000*	−8.174	−3.672
BMI		−0.01	0.570	−0.031	0.017
Obese family member	Yes	RC	RC	RC	RC
	No	−1.50	0.000*	−2.160	−0.843
Experience in weight loss behavior	Yes	RC	RC	RC	RC
	No	−2.241	0.000*	−3.732	−2.242
Experience with diet therapy	Yes	RC	RC	RC	RC
	No	0.70	0.062	−0.035	1.434
	Perceived susceptibility	0 0.21	0.000*	0 0.126	0.289
	Perceived severity	0.01	0.849	−0.059	0.072
	Perceived barriers	−0.19	0.000*	−0.277	−0.098
	Perceived benefits	0.17	0.000*	0.093	0.255
	Perceived self-efficacy in dieting	0.01	0.809	−0.067	0.086
	Perceived self-efficacy in exercise	0.04	0.418	−0.060	0.145

Note: *Significant at p -value <0.05.

Abbreviation: RC, reference category.

Data Sharing Statement

All the necessary data are included in the manuscript. An English version data collection tool and detailed operational definitions of the outcome variable are accessible at a reasonable request from the corresponding author.