Outcome of Diabetic Keto Acidosis Treatment and Associated Factors Among Adult Patients Admitted to Emergency and Medical Wards at St. Paul’s Hospital, Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2023: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 The schemes presentation of sampling procedure to select study participants from Addis Ababa governmental hospitals, 2023.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of DKA Patients and Their Outcome Admitted to SPHMMC Emergency Department and Medical Ward, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023 (n = 357)

Variables		Frequency (n = 357)	Percent (%)
Age	18–30	142	39.8%
	30.1–40	36	10.1%
	40.1–50	71	19.9%
	50.1–60	72	20.2%
	>60.1	36	10.1%
Sex	Male	193	54.1%
	Female	164	45.9%
Residence	Urban	205	57.4%
	Rural	152	42.6%
Treatment outcome	Improved	343	96.1%
	Died	14	3.9%

Table 2 Clinical Features DKA Patients Admitted to SPHMMC Emergency Department and Medical Ward, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023 (n = 357)

Variables	Categories	Frequency (n = 357)	Percent (%)	Mean ± SD
Diarrhea	Yes	77	21.6%
Vomiting	Yes	82	23.0%
Abdominal pain	Yes	113	31.7%
Loss of consciousness	Yes	64	17.9%
Dehydration	Yes	107	30.0%
Poly symptoms	Yes	311	87.1%
Presence of sepsis	Yes	200	56%
Presence of RTI	Yes	232	65%
Presence of GI	Yes	204	57.1%
Presence of skin	Yes	33	9.2%
Presence of UTI	Yes	243	68.1%
Presence of renal failure	Yes	10	2.8%
RBG				425.17±74.45
Sodium mmol/l	355–145	223	62.5%
	>145	42	11.8%
	<135	92	25.8%
Potassium in mmol/l	3.5–5.5	144	40.3%
	>5.5	123	34.5%
	<3.5	90	25.2%
Creatinine level (mg/dl)	0.5–5.5	206	57.7%
	>1.1	151	42.3%
Urine ketone				2.12±.88

Figure 2 The urine ketone level of DKA patients admitted to SPHMMC emergency department and medical ward, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023 (n=357).

Table 3 Biochemical Profile and Management Protocol DKA Patients Admitted to SPHMMC Emergency Department and Medical Wards, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023 (n = 357)

Type of iv fluid bolus	0.9%	147	41.2%
	5%dw	119	33.3%
	Ringer lactate	91	25.5%
Amount of iv fluid bolus in liter	<3	79	22.1%
	3–6	120	33.6%
	>6	158	44.3%
Insulin administered in the first 24 hour	<40	119	33.3%
	40–60	147	41.2%
	>60	91	25.5%
Potassium replacement	Yes	306	85.7%
	No	51	14.3%
Number of days hospital stay	1–2	80	22.4%
	3–5	213	59.7%
	>5	64	17.9%

Table 4 Factors Associated with Treatment Outcome of DKA Patients Admitted to SPHMMC Emergency Department and Medical Ward, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2023 (n=357)

Variables		Treatment Outcome		COR (CI95%)	P vale	AOR (CI 95%)
		Improved	Died
Poly symptoms	No	42	5	1
	Yes	301	9	3.981(0.860–9.552)	0.542	2.867 (0.266–12.394)
Presence of sepsis	No	119	8	1
	Yes	238	6	2.666(1.025–8.838)	0.024	3.24(1.20–10.2)*
Presence of skin	Yes	29	4	1
	No	314	10	0.231(0.068–0.782)	0.71	1.121(0.020–1.170)
Presence of pulmonary edema	No	326	11	1
	Yes	17	3	0.191(0.049–0.750)	0.077	0.91(0.852–22.395)
Insulin adminis the first 24 hour	<40 IU	69	9	1	0.010
	40–60 IU	139	3	6.04 (0.78.7.418)	0.140	4.53(0.61–8.470)
	>60 IU	135	2	8.80(2.46–21.00)	0.007	8.046(3.881–25.32)*
Amount of iv fluid bolus in liter	<3	78	8	1	0.066
	3–6	108	3	3.69(1.35–9.62)	0.629	3.60(0.750–7.220)
	>6	157	3	5.36(2.07–16.347)	0.031	5.84(1.53–10.07)*
Potassium replacement	Yes	299	9	1
	No	44	5	3.77(0.026–0.255)	0.006	3.08(1.835–5.817)*

Note: *Associated factors for death of adult patient with DKA (p-value < 0.05).