The Relationship Between Bone Metabolism and Peripheral Artery Disease in Patients on Hemodialysis: The Potential Role of Osteocalcin

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Study Population

	Total (71)	PAD (23)	No PAD (48)	P
Gender Male, n (%)	42 (59.2)	11 (47.8)	31 (64.6)	<0.001
Age years, mean±SD	63.5±13.0	72.2±10.9	59.3±11.9	<0.001
BMI (kg/m^2)	24.1±3.6	24.8±3.2	23.9±3.7	0.354
Primary kidney disease, n (%)
Diabetes mellitus	26 (36.6)	11 (47.8)	15 (31.2)
Glomerulonephritis	18 (25.4)	4 (17.4)	14 (29.2)
Hypertension	9 (12.7)	4 (17.4)	5 (10.4)
Obstructive uropathy	4 (5.6)	0 (0)	4 (8.3)
Polycystic kidney	4 (5.6)	1 (4.3)	3 (6.3)
Other	10 (14.1)	3 (13.0)	7 (14.6)
Duration of hemodialysis	75.2±50.0	75.6±61.9	75.0±44.0	0.966
KT/V	1.50±0.25	1.52±0.23	1.49±0.27	0.748
History, n (%)
Diabetes mellitus	28 (39.4)	13 (56.5)	15 (31.3)	<0.001
CAD	28 (39.4)	15 (65.2)	13 (27.1)	<0.001
Fractures	8 (11.3)	3 (13.0)	5 (10.4)	0.872
Biochemical characteristics mean±SD
Albumin, g/L	40.90±2.90	40.74±2.64	40.97±3.02	0.759
Potassium, mmol/L	5.26±0.63	5.41±0.60	5.20±0.64	0.191
Sodium, mmol/L	140.10±3.06	140.38±2.85	139.98±3.17	0.619
Uric acid, umol/L	439.07±93.50	450.86±91.41	433.92±94.89	0.493
Triglyceride, mmol/L	1.76±1.06	1.67±1.14	1.81±1.03	0.610
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	3.42±0.76	3.68±0.68	3.30±0.78	0.058
Hemoglobin, g/L	108.4±12.8	109.6±14.5	107.9±12.0	0.606
CRP, mg/L	4.78±10.94	4.20±4.93	5.05±1.89	0.771
Bone metabolism
Phosphate, mmol/L	1.53±0.44	1.54±0.44	1.53±0.45	0.908
Calcium, mmol/L	2.25±0.14	2.29±0.11	2.24±0.15	0.138
iPTH, pg/mL	251.5±22.4	286.07±35.82	235.39±36.52	0.393
25-hydroxyvitamin D, ng/mL	13.07±5.97	11.61±5.44	13.74±6.13	0.166
Osteocalcin, ng/mL	150.97±19.28	166.07±11.34	118.04±15.33	0.017

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; iPTH, intact parathyroid hormone.

Table 2 Univariate and Multivariate Analysis for Peripheral Arterial Disease

Independent Variable	Univariate Model		Multivariate Model
	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P
Age	0.92 (0.84–1.00)	0.047	1.08 (0.98–1.19)	0.127
Duration of hemodialysis	0.99 (0.98–1.01)	0.031	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.442
Diabetes mellitus	3.29 (0.51–21.24)	0.021	1.16 (0.14–9.45)	0.889
CAD	0.66 (0.10–4.51)	0.018	0.29 (0.04–2.00)	0.208
Osteocalcin	1.04 (1.01–1.09)	0.005	1.03 (1.00–1.05)	0.021

Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 Correlation Between Osteocalcin and Other Factors

Variable	R	P
Age	−0.140	0.366
Duration of hemodialysis	0.252	0.099
Diabetes mellitus	−0.145	0.347
CAD	0.179	0.244

Abbreviation: CAD, coronary artery disease.