Associations Between Serum TNF-α, IL-6, hs-CRP and GLMD in Obese Children and Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 The General Demographic Data of 105 Obese Children and Adolescents

Parameter	Value
Gender
Boy	74 (70.48%)
Girl	31 (29.52%)
Age*, years	10.49 ± 2.48
Child	80 (76.19%)
Adolescent	25 (23.81%)
Height^#, cm	146.80 (22.45)
Body weight^#, kg	56.50 (29.10)
Waist circumference^#, cm	87.00 (14.75)
Hip circumference^#, cm	94.00 (16.15)
BMI^#, kg/m^2	26.40 (5.95)
Obesity degree
Overweight	7 (6.67%)
Mild obesity	30 (28.57%)
Moderate obesity	45 (42.86%)
Severe obesity	23 (21.90%)
TNF-α (≥8.1 pg/mL)	49 (46.67%)
IL-6 (≥5.9 pg/mL)	13 (12.38%)
hs-CRP (≥3.0 mg/L)	44 (41.90%)

Notes: Value in No. (%), *Mean ± standard deviation or ^#median (interquartile range).

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6, interleukin-6; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.

Table 2 The Difference Analysis of Glycolipid Metabolism Indexes Between Elevated TNF-α Group and Normal TNF-α Group

Parameter	TNF-α		P value
	Elevated Group (n=49)	Normal Group (n=56)
FBG^#, mmol/L	5.15 (0.52)	5.23 (0.32)	0.223
2hPBG^#, mmol/L	5.98 (1.24)	6.10 (0.96)	0.880
FINS^#, pmol/L	109.89 (90.17)	114.05 (80.48)	0.637
2hINS^#, pmol/L	389.86 (444.45)	381.40 (414.14)	0.418
HOMA-IR^#	3.65 (2.99)	3.76 (2.78)	0.693
TC^#, mmol/L	4.43 (1.03)	4.50 (0.70)	0.995
TG^#, mmol/L	1.30 (1.02)	0.90 (1.00)	0.074
HDL-C^#, mmol/L	1.21 (0.28)	1.25 (0.23)	0.312
LDL-C^#, mmol/L	2.70 (1.19)	2.51 (0.77)	0.010

Note: ^#Value in median (interquartile range).

Abbreviations: TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; FBG, fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; 2hINS, 2-hour postprandial insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 3 The Difference Analysis of Glycolipid Metabolism Indexes Between Elevated IL-6 Group and Normal IL-6 Group

Parameter	IL-6		P value
	Elevated Group (n=13)	Normal Group (n=92)
FBG^#, mmol/L	5.23 (0.54)	5.17 (0.40)	0.194
2hPBG^#, mmol/L	6.37 (1.07)	5.93 (0.99)	0.055
FINS^#, pmol/L	164.70 (142.89)	107.88 (75.29)	0.017
2hINS^#, pmol/L	526.98 (827.52)	384.29 (454.91)	0.376
HOMA-IR^#	5.54 (9.80)	3.57 (2.55)	0.016
TC^#, mmol/L	4.45 (0.62)	4.46 (0.76)	0.719
TG^#, mmol/L	1.51 (0.76)	1.13 (1.04)	0.067
HDL-C^#, mmol/L	1.03 (0.27)	1.25 (0.24)	<0.001
LDL-C^#, mmol/L	3.00 (0.96)	2.61 (0.79)	0.215

Notes: ^#Value in median (interquartile range).

Abbreviations: IL-6, interleukin-6; FBG, fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; 2hINS, 2-hour postprandial insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 4 The Difference Analysis of Glycolipid Metabolism Indexes Between Elevated Hs-CRP Group and Normal Hs-CRP Group

Parameter	hs-CRP		P value
	Elevated group (n=44)	Normal group (n=61)
FBG^#, mmol/L	5.16 (0.35)	5.17 (0.45)	0.948
2hPBG^#, mmol/L	6.04 (0.91)	6.06 (1.13)	0.531
FINS^#, pmol/L	111.29 (84.00)	110.99 (86.95)	0.290
2hINS^#, pmol/L	381.28 (285.78)	389.86 (636.62)	0.568
HOMA-IR^#	3.69 (3.00)	3.65 (3.13)	0.391
TC^#, mmol/L	4.45 (1.00)	4.46 (0.63)	0.818
TG^#, mmol/L	1.36 (1.14)	1.06 (1.01)	0.203
HDL-C^#, mmol/L	1.20 (0.24)	1.27 (0.30)	0.071
LDL-C^#, mmol/L	2.71 (0.80)	2.57 (0.80)	0.176

Note: ^#Value in median (interquartile range).

Abbreviations: hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; FBG, fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; 2hINS, 2-hour postprandial insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Table 5 The Correlation Analysis of TNF-α, IL-6, Hs-CRP and Glycolipid Metabolism Indexes

Parameter	TNF-α		IL-6		hs-CRP
	r	P value	r	P value	r	P value
FBG, mmol/L	−0.157	0.110	0.191	0.051	0.077	0.433
2hPBG, mmol/L	0.030	0.759	0.173	0.077	−0.109	0.268
FINS, pmol/L	−0.088	0.371	0.342	<0.001	0.205	0.035
2hINS, pmol/L	0.027	0.783	0.265	0.006	0.032	0.747
HOMA-IR	−0.095	0.335	0.348	<0.001	0.193	0.048
TC, mmol/L	0.048	0.625	−0.036	0.714	0.017	0.860
TG, mmol/L	0.119	0.225	0.328	0.001	0.104	0.291
HDL-C, mmol/L	−0.061	0.538	−0.267	0.006	−0.150	0.126
LDL-C, mmol/L	0.274	0.005	0.086	0.385	0.088	0.374

Abbreviations: TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-6, interleukin-6; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; FBG, fasting blood glucose; 2hPBG, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; 2hINS, 2-hour postprandial insulin; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.