Correlation Between the Levels of ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, ANGPTL8 and Postprandial Triglyceride-Rich Lipoprotein (TRL)

Figures & data

Table 1 Comparison of Clinical and Demographic Data and Fasting Indicators Between the Two Groups

Variable	PNT (n=55)	PPT (n=48)	P
Age (years)	37.00(30.00, 46.00)	41.50(27.25, 53.00)	0.155
Male/Female	23/32	26/22	0.211
Height (cm)	165.55±7.75	166.53±8.72	0.545
Weight (kg)	65.09±11.08	69.4±11.47	0.056
BMI (kg/m^2)	23.63±3.05	24.93±2.94	0.031*
WC (cm)	82.25±10.25	86.51±9.40	0.031*
SBP (mmHg)	120.64±12.27	122.77±15.11	0.431
DBP (mmHg)	75.38±8.00	75.17±9.87	0.903
TC (mmol/L)	4.07±0.61	4.32±0.48	0.022*
TG (mmol/L)	0.84±0.22	1.28±0.24	<0.001**
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.27±0.24	1.19±0.21	0.102
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.50±0.49	2.73±035	0.009*
TRL-C (mmol/L)	0.31±0.13	0.41±0.14	<0.001**
Non-HDL-C (mmol/L)	2.81±0.57	3.13±0.43	0.001*
ApoA1 (mg/dL)	1.37±0.20	1.41±0.21	0.355
ApoB (mg/dL)	0.64±0.13	0.74±0.11	<0.001**
ApoA1/ApoB	2.09(1.85, 2.52)	1.91(1.61, 2.14)	0.012*
FBG (mmol/L)	5.16±0.44	5.39±0.64	0.043*
FINS (μU/mL)	8.71(6.48, 11.90)	10.19(7.74, 13.24)	0.046*
ANGPTL3 (ng/mL)	125.44±15.04	129.98±13.48	0.112
ANGPTL4 (ng/mL)	154.80(134.61, 203.64)	218.43(197.46, 251.22)	<0.001**
ANGPTL8 (pg/mL)	608.92(486.25, 883.07)	453.45(325.31, 604.17)	<0.001**

Notes: *P<0.05, **P<0.001.

Abbreviations: PNT, postprandial normal triglyceride; PPT, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TRL-C, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol; Non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; FBG, fasting blood glucose; FINS, fasting insulin; ANGPTL3, angiopoietin-like protein 3; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein 4; ANGPTL8, angiopoietin-like protein 8.

Table 2 Comparison of Blood Lipid Levels and ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 at Different Time Points Before and After High-Fat Meal Consumption

	0h	2h	4h
TC (mmol/L)
PNT	4.07±0.61	4.06±0.59	4.04±0.63
PPT	4.33±0.48	4.37±0.48	4.36±0.49
P	0.022*	0.005*	0.004*
TG (mmol/L)
PNT	0.84±0.22	1.58±0.57 ^a	1.58±0.53 ^a
PPT	1.28±0.24	2.57±0.7 ^a	3.47±1.05 ^ab
P	<0.001**	<0.001**	<0.001**
HDL-C (mmol/L)
PNT	1.27±0.24	1.26±0.26	1.21±0.24
PPT	1.19±0.21	1.21±0.23	1.12±0.19 ^b
P	0.102	0.268	0.036*
LDL-C (mmol/L)
PNT	2.5±0.49	2.44±0.46	2.42±0.49
PPT	2.73±0.35	2.69±0.35	2.6±0.35
P	0.007*	0.003*	0.039*
TRL-C (mmol/L)
PNT	0.31±0.13	0.35±0.14	0.4±0.15 ^a
PPT	0.41±0.14	0.47±0.14	0.64±0.2 ^ab
P	<0.001**	<0.001**	<0.001**
Non-HDL-C (mmol/L)
PNT	2.81±0.57	2.79±0.54	2.82±0.58
PPT	3.13±0.43	3.16±0.41	3.24±0.42
P	0.001*	<0.001**	<0.001**
ApoA1 (mg/dL)
PNT	1.37±0.2	1.36±0.22	1.35±0.21
PPT	1.41±0.21	1.4±0.23	1.39±0.23
P	0.355	0.336	0.288
ApoB (mg/dL)
PNT	0.64±0.13	0.63±0.13	0.63±0.14
PPT	0.74±0.11	0.73±0.12	0.7±0.12
P	<0.001**	<0.001**	0.005*
ApoA1/ApoB
PNT	2.09(1.85, 2.52)	2.05(1.83, 2.55)	2.06(1.85, 2.46)
PPT	1.91(1.61, 2.14)	1.91(1.63, 2.19)	1.93(1.68, 2.29)
P	0.012*	0.021*	0.119
ANGPTL3 (ng/mL)
PNT	125.44±15.04	123.32±12.83	126.84±16.09
PPT	129.98±13.48	130.18±14.12	136.52±18.43 ^ab
P	0.112	0.011*	0.005*
ANGPTL4 (ng/mL)
PNT	154.80(134.61, 203.64)	159.47(128.12, 197.25)	156.75(129.92, 202.56)
PPT	218.43(197.46, 251.22)	216.29(194.74, 260.13)	250.65(222.38, 285.66) ^ab
P	<0.001**	<0.001**	<0.001**
ANGPTL8 (pg/mL)
PNT	608.92(486.25, 883.07)	375.20(275.06, 553.55) ^a	320.18(211.73, 450.23) ^a
PPT	453.45(325.31, 604.17)	267.95(172.76, 398.43)	220.72(139.70, 326.83) ^ab
P	<0.001**	0.001*	<0.001**

Notes: *P<0.05 versus PNT group, **P<0.001 versus PNT group, ^aP<0.05 versus same group at 0 h, ^bP<0.05 versus same group at 2 h.

Abbreviations: PNT, postprandial normal triglyceride; PPT, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TRL-C, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol; Non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ANGPTL3, angiopoietin-like protein 3; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein 4; ANGPTL8, angiopoietin-like protein 8.

Figure 1 Comparison of blood lipid levels at different time points before and after high-fat meal consumption. (A) TC. (B) TG. (C) HDL-C. (D) LDL-C. (E) TRL-C. (F) Non-HDL-C.

Notes: *P<0.05 versus PNT group, ^aP<0.05 versus same group at 0 h, ^bP<0.05 versus same group at 2 h.

Abbreviations: PNT, postprandial normal triglyceride; PPT, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TRL-C, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol; Non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Figure 2 Comparison of blood lipid levels and ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 at different time points before and after high-fat meal consumption. (A) ApoA1. (B) ApoB. (C) ApoA1/ ApoB. (D) ANGPTL3. (E) ANGPTL4. (F) ANGPTL8.

Notes: *P<0.05 versus PNT group, ^aP<0.05 versus same group at 0 h, ^bP<0.05 versus same group at 2 h.

Abbreviations: PNT, postprandial normal triglyceride; PPT, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; ANGPTL3, angiopoietin-like protein 3; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein 4; ANGPTL8, angiopoietin-like protein 8.

Table 3 Correlation Analysis of Fasting ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, and ANGPTL8 Levels with Clinical and Demographic Data and Fasting Indices

	ANGPTL3		ANGPTL4		ANGPTL8
	r	P	r	P	r	P
Age (years)	0.200	0.043*	0.032	0.746	−0.025	0.804
Height (cm)	−0.165	0.097	0.043	0.668	0.052	0.602
Weight (kg)	−0.150	0.130	0.226	0.022*	−0.019	0.848
BMI (kg/m^2)	−0.022	0.828	0.250	0.011*	−0.031	0.754
WC (cm)	−0.109	0.272	0.245	0.012*	−0.025	0.804
SBP (mmHg)	−0.207	0.036*	0.054	0.591	0.031	0.756
DBP (mmHg)	−0.167	0.092	0.063	0.530	−0.083	0.403
TC (mmol/L)	0.221	0.025*	0.242	0.014*	−0.109	0.272
TG (mmol/L)	−0.001	0.988	0.459	0.000**	−0.176	0.075
HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.328	0.001*	−0.171	0.084	−0.061	0.543
LDL-C (mmol/L)	0.045	0.649	0.235	0.017*	−0.085	0.396
TRL-C (mmol/L)	0.257	0.009*	0.330	0.001*	−0.031	0.756
Non-HDL-C (mmol/L)	0.120	0.228	0.273	0.005*	−0.084	0.399
ApoA1 (mg/dL)	0.353	0.000**	−0.029	0.775	−0.163	0.099
ApoB (mg/dL)	0.059	0.556	0.320	0.001*	−0.145	0.143
ApoA1/ApoB	0.160	0.107	−0.249	0.011*	0.022	0.822
FBG (mmol/L)	−0.171	0.084	0.282	0.004*	0.018	0.855
FINS (μU/mL)	−0.113	0.255	0.209	0.034*	0.157	0.112
ANGPTL3 (ng/mL)	-	-	0.070	0.482	−0.052	0.603
ANGPTL4 (ng/mL)	0.070	0.482	-	-	−0.221	0.025*
ANGPTL8 (pg/mL)	−0.052	0.603	−0.221	0.025*	-	-

Notes: *P<0.05, **P<0.001.

Abbreviations: ANGPTL3, angiopoietin-like protein 3; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein 4; ANGPTL8, angiopoietin-like protein 8; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TRL-C, triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol; Non-HDL-C, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1, apolipoprotein A1; ApoB, apolipoprotein B; FBG, fasting blood glucose; FINS, fasting insulin.

Figure 3 Changes in lipid levels and AUC of lipid after a high-fat diet in the three groups. (A) HDL-C. (B) AUC of HDL-C. (C) TRL-C. (D) AUC of TRL-C. (E) ApoA1. (F) AUC of ApoA1.

Notes: *P<0.05 indicates a difference in AUC between the two groups.

Abbreviations: AUC area under the curve; HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TRL-C triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoA1 apolipoprotein A1.

Figure 4 Changes in lipid levels and AUC of lipid after a high-fat diet in the three groups. (A) TC. (B) AUC of TC. (C) TG. (D) AUC of TG. (E) LDL-C. (F) AUC of LDL-C.

Notes: *P<0.05 indicates a difference in AUC between the two groups.

Abbreviations: AUC area under the curve; TC total cholesterol; TG triglyceride; LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.

Figure 5 Changes in lipid levels and AUC of lipid after a high-fat diet in the three groups. (A) TRL-C. (B) AUC of TRL-C. (C) Non-HDL-C. (D) AUC of Non-HDL-C. (E) ApoB. (F) AUC of ApoB.

Notes: *P<0.05 indicates a difference in AUC between the two groups.

Abbreviations: AUC area under the curve; TRL-C triglyceride-rich lipoprotein cholesterol; Non-HDL-C non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; ApoB apolipoprotein B.

Figure 6 Changes in lipid levels and AUC of lipid after a high-fat diet in the three groups. (A) TG. (B) AUC of TG.

Notes: *P<0.05 indicates a difference in AUC between the two groups.

Abbreviation: AUC area under the curve; TG triglyceride.

Table 4 Logistic Regression Analysis of Fasting ANGPTL3, ANGPTL4, ANGPTL8 and PPT

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)	P	OR (95% CI)
ANGPTL3	0.315	1.017(0.984–1.052)	0.349	1.018(0.981–1.056)	0.140	1.072(0.977–1.177)
ANGPTL4	<0.001**	1.025(1.013–1.037)	<0.001**	1.027(1.014–1.041)	0.028*	1.034(1.004–1.066)
ANGPTL8	0.001*	0.996(0.994–0.999)	0.001*	0.995(0.993–0.998)	0.010*	0.990(0.983–0.998)

Notes: Model 1: No adjustments. Model 2: Based on Model 1, further adjustments for age, gender, BMI, WC, SBP, and DBP. Model 3: Based on Model 2, further adjustments for FBG, FINS, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, TRL-C, non-HDL-C, ApoA1, and ApoB. *P<0.05, **P<0.001.

Abbreviations: ANGPTL3, angiopoietin-like protein 3; ANGPTL4, angiopoietin-like protein 4; ANGPTL8, angiopoietin-like protein 8; PPT, postprandial hypertriglyceridemia; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Data Sharing Statement

The datasets generated and/or analyzed during this study are not publicly available due to their containing that could compromise the privacy of the research participants but are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.