Effect of Chiglitazar and Sitagliptin on Bone Mineral Density and Body Composition in Untreated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flowchart.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Study Patients

	Chiglitazar Group (N=54)	Sitagliptin Group (N=27)	P
Male/Female (n)	38/16	15/12	0.220
Age(years)	53.93 ± 1.14	53.52 ± 1.88	0.846
Diabetes history (years)	1.58 ± 0.22	1.45 ± 0.30	0.587
BMI (kg/m^2)	26.00 ± 0.50	25.43 ± 0.48	0.469
SBP(mmHg)	127.66 ± 2.11	128.07 ± 2.61	0.906
Hemoglobin (g/L)	150.65 ± 1.83	145.48 ± 2.68	0.111
ALT (U/L)	28.02 ± 2.17	25.78 ± 1.96	0.845
AST (U/L)	23.28 ± 1.81	23.56 ± 1.83	0.353
Creatinine (umol/L)	74.17 ± 2.19	72.56 ± 3.31	0.679
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m^2)	102.84 ± 7.72	100.73 ± 6.97	0.896
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.86 ± 0.13	4.89 ± 0.14	0.892
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	2.05 ± 0.21	2.00 ± 0.24	0.656
FBG (mmol/L)	9.16 ± 0.28	8.98 ± 0.43	0.783
HbA1c (%)	8.32 ± 0.11	8.21 ± 0.15	0.530

Table 2 Comparison of BMD Within Groups Before and After 24-Weeks Treatment and the Changes from Baseline to Week 24 Between Two Groups. Data Shown as Mean ± SEM

	Chiglitazar Group (N=50)			Sitagliptin Group (N=26)			Changes
	Before	After	P	Before	After	P	Chiglitazar	Sitagliptin	P
L2-4 (g/cm^2)	1.177 ± 0.021	1.172 ± 0.021	0.374	1.147 ± 0.030	1.153 ± 0.031	0.317	−0.005 ± 0.006	0.006 ± 0.005	0.232
Femoral neck (g/cm^2)	0.966 ± 0.019	0.964 ± 0.019	0.534	0.920 ± 0.026	0.913 ± 0.027	0.131	−0.002 ± 0.003	−0.007 ± 0.005	0.419
Trochanter (g/cm^2)	0.827 ± 0.016	0.821 ± 0.015	0.111	0.762 ± 0.028	0.764 ± 0.027	0.783	−0.006 ± 0.004	0.001 ± 0.005	0.473
Total hip (g/cm^2)	1.044 ± 0.018	1.041 ± 0.018	0.251	0.990 ± 0.028	0.985 ± 0.029	0.144	−0.003 ± 0.003	−0.005 ± 0.003	0.588

Table 3 Comparison of Body Composition and ADP Levels Within Groups Before and After 24-Weeks Treatment. Data Shown as Mean ± SEM

	Chiglitazar Group (N=50)			Sitagliptin Group (N=26)
	Before	After	P	Before	After	P
BW (kg)	71.790 ± 1.671	73.448 ± 1.813	<0.001	67.662 ± 1.681	67.742 ± 1.761	0.830
Total FM (kg)	21.160 ± 1.331	22.449 ± 1.462	0.001	19.959 ± 1.033	19.468 ± 0.976	0.071
% BF (%)	29.782 ± 1.332	30.598 ± 1.360	0.051	30.423 ± 1.215	29.665 ± 1.151	0.013
FFM (kg)	50.631 ± 1.041	50.100 ± 0.962	0.211	47.703 ± 1.320	48.275 ± 1.401	0.017
FFMI (kg/m^2)	18.493 ± 0.268	18.639 ± 0.240	0.153	17.956 ± 0.310	18.155 ± 0.314	0.025
Android FM (kg)	2.389 ± 0.133	2.424 ± 0.146	0.470	2.252 ± 0.114	2.164 ± 0.095	0.052
Gynoid FM (kg)	3.048 ± 0.220	3.349 ± 0.245	<0.001	2.852 ± 0.154	2.844 ± 0.155	0.790
Android /total FM	0.115 ± 0.002	0.110 ± 0.002	<0.001	0.114 ± 0.003	0.113 ± 0.003	0.346
Gynoid / total FM	0.145 ± 0.003	0.151 ± 0.003	<0.001	0.143 ± 0.004	0.146 ± 0.004	0.034
Android / Gynoid FM	0.816 ± 0.023	0.749 ± 0.026	<0.001	0.812 ± 0.034	0.787 ± 0.033	0.007
BMC (kg)	2.643 ± 0.057	2.638 ± 0.058	0.530	2.410 ± 0.070	2.419 ± 0.068	0.300
SMM (kg)	47.982 ± 1.002	48.337 ± 0.916	0.200	45.293 ± 1.268	45.873 ± 1.350	0.015
ADP (ng/mL)	9.445 ± 0.571	21.295 ± 1.199	<0.001	7.963 ± 0.615	9.937 ± 0.691	<0.001

Table 4 Changes of Body Composition and ADP Levels from Baseline to Week 24 Between Two Groups. Data Shown as Mean ± SEM

	Chiglitazar	Sitagliptin	P
BW (kg)	1.658 ± 0.408	0.081 ± 0.372	0.013
Total FM (kg)	1.289 ± 0.353	−0.491 ± 0.261	0.002
% BF (%)	0.816 ± 0.408	−0.758 ± 0.282	0.017
FFM (kg)	0.369 ± 0.271	0.572 ± 0.224	0.639
FFMI (kg/m2)	0.147 ± 0.101	0.199 ± 0.083	0.756
Android FM (kg)	0.035 ± 0.048	−0.088 ± 0.043	0.126
Gynoid FM (kg)	0.301 ± 0.051	−0.008 ± 0.047	<0.001
Android/total FM	−0.006 ± 0.001	−0.001 ± 0.001	0.015
Gynoid/total FM	0.006 ± 0.001	0.003 ± 0.001	0.145
Android/Gynoid FM	−0.067 ± 0.012	−0.025 ± 0.012	0.025
BMC (kg)	−0.006 ± 0.011	0.009 ± 0.009	0.353
SMM (kg)	0.355 ± 0.273	0.580 ± 0.223	0.605
ADP (ng/mL)	11.850±1.094	1.974±0.381	<0.001

Figure 2 The changes in ADP and their correlation with the changes in AOI.

Notes: (a) ADP and (b) AOI levels before and after treatment with chiglitazar or sitagliptin in all eligible participants, with values presented as the mean. ***P < 0.001. Error bars show SEM. (c) Correlation between change of ADP and that of AOI. Correlation controlled for age, change of BMI and FM. 95% confidence limits are shown.