Association Between Monocyte-to-High-Density Lipoprotein Ratio and Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Chinese Population

Figures & data

Figure 1 Study flow chart.

Table 1 Baseline Characteristics of Study Participants

Characteristics	NG (n=51,301)	Prediabetes (n=33,992)	P value
Age (years)	47.58±12.87	54.38±12.74	<0.001
Gender
Male	32,477 (63.31%)	22,005 (64.74%)	<0.001
Female	18,824 (36.69%)	11,987 (35.26%)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	24.23 (22.08, 26.37)	24.88 (22.85, 27.00)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)	124.38±17.32	128.95±18.17	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	77.07±12.14	78.92±11.96	<0.001
HbA1c (%)	5.37±0.22	5.92±0.20	<0.001
FPG (mmol/L)	5.03±0.46	5.29±0.62	<0.001
Scr (μmol/L)	69.60 (59.20, 79.00)	70.00 (60.00, 79.60)	<0.001
ALT (U/L)	20.00 (14.00, 29.00)	21.00 (15.00, 30.00)	<0.001
TG (mmol/L)	1.32 (0.93, 1.90)	1.46 (1.06, 2.08)	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)	4.81±0.95	4.93±1.03	<0.001
HDL-C (mmol/L)	1.30±0.32	1.27±0.31	<0.001
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.91±0.79	3.02±0.85	<0.001
UA (μmol/L)	342.18±88.66	352.55±88.12	<0.001
WBC (10^9/L)	5.70 (4.83, 6.70)	5.82 (4.95, 6.88)	<0.001
MHR	0.30 (0.21, 0.40)	0.32 (0.23, 0.42)	<0.001

Note: Data are shown as number (%) for categorical variables and mean ± SD or median (interquartile range) for continuous variables.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1c; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; Scr, serum creatinine; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipid cholesterol; UA, uric acid; WBC, white blood cell; MHR, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio.

Figure 2 Prevalence of Prediabetes stratified according to MHR categories.

Notes: MHR was divided into quartiles with the following values: Q1 ≤ −0.67; −0.67 < Q2 ≤ −0.52; −0.52 < Q3 ≤ -0.39; Q4 > −0.39.

Abbreviations: MHR, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, MHR value was log10-transformed.

Table 2 The Association Between MHR and Prediabetes

	Model 1		Model 2		Model 3
	ORs (95% CI)	P value	ORs (95% CI)	P value	ORs (95% CI)	P value
Log-MHR	2.19(2.04,2.34)	<0.001	1.72(1.59,1.87)	<0.001	1.64(1.48,1.82)	<0.001
Q1 (≤ −0.67)	Ref		Ref		Ref
Q2 (−0.67, −0.52)	1.20(1.15,1.25)	<0.001	1.12(1.08,1.17)	<0.001	1.10(1.05,1.15)	<0.001
Q3 (−0.52, −0.39)	1.34(1.29,1.40)	<0.001	1.22(1.17,1.28)	<0.001	1.19(1.13,1.25)	<0.001
Q4 (> -0.39)	1.49(1.43,1.55)	<0.001	1.22(1.17,1.28)	<0.001	1.22(1.15,1.29)	<0.001
P for trend	<0.001		<0.001		<0.001

Notes: Model 1: non-adjusted model; Model 2: adjusted for age, gender, BMI; Model 3: additionally adjusted for SBP, DBP, Scr, UA, TG, TC, LDL-C, FPG, WBC.

Abbreviations: ORs, odds ratios; CI, confidence interval; Ref, reference; MHR, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, MHR value was log10-transformed.

Table 3 Subgroup Analysis for the Association Between MHR and Prediabetes

Characteristic	No. of Participants	OR (95% CI)	P value	P for Interaction
Age (years)				<0.001
<45	27,412	3.27(2.76,3.87)	0.001
45–60	40,605	1.60(1.39,1.86)	<0.001
>60	17,276	1.25(1.02,1.52)	0.028
Gender				0.487
Male	30,811	1.67(1.46,1.90)	<0.001
Female	54,482	1.66(1.43,1.93)	<0.001
BMI (kg/m²)				<0.001
18.5–23.9	35,419	1.67(1.45,1.91)	<0.001
24–27.9	35,922	1.53(1.30,1.79)	<0.001
≥28	12,019	2.09(1.61,2.72)	<0.001
SBP (mmHg)				<0.001
<140	67,377	1.74(1.55,1.96)	<0.001
≥140	17,916	1.34(1.08,1.67)	0.008
DBP (mmHg)				<0.001
<90	70,946	1.74(1.55,1.94)	<0.001
≥90	14,347	1.40(1.11,1.78)	0.005
TG (mmol/L)				<0.001
<1.7	55,659	1.70(1.49,1.93)	<0.001
≥1.7	29,634	1.53(1.29,1.81)	<0.001
TC (mmol/L)				<0.001
<5.2	56,783	1.83(1.62,2.07)	<0.001
≥5.2	28,510	1.70(1.44,2.00)	<0.001
LDL-C(mmol/L)
<3.4	22,954	1.71(1.42,2.06)	<0.001	<0.001
≥3.4	62,339	1.82(1.63,2.04)	<0.001

Notes: Each model was adjusted for age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, FPG, Scr, TG, TC, LDL-C, UA, WBC. In each case, the model is not adjusted for the stratification variable. MHR value was log10-transformed.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipid cholesterol; MHR, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio.

Table 4 Threshold Effect Analysis of MHR on Prediabetes Using a Two-Piecewise Linear Regression Model

	Prediabetes OR (95% CI)	P value
Fitting model by standard linear regression	1.64 (1.48, 1.82)	<0.001
Fitting model by two-piecewise linear regression
Inflection points of MHR	−0.40
≤ −0.40	1.94 (1.72, 2.19)	<0.001
> −0.40	0.88 (0.69, 1.14)	0.348
P for log likelihood ratio test	0.001

Note: Each model was adjusted for age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, Scr, UA, TG, TC, LDL-C, FPG, WBC.

Abbreviations: OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence; MHR, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, MHR value was log10-transformed.

Figure 3 Association between MHR and the prevalence of prediabetes.

Notes: GAM with smooth curve fitting for the nonlinear association between MHR and the prevalence of prediabetes. Adjusted for age, gender, BMI, SBP, DBP, Scr, UA, TG, TC, LDL-C, FPG, WBC.

Abbreviations: MHR, monocyte-to-high-density lipoprotein ratio, MHR value was log10-transformed.