Prevalence of Anemia in Type 2 Diabetic Patients and ‎correlation with Body Mass Index and Kidney ‎function in Palestine

Figures & data

Table 1 Anthropometric and Clinical Characteristics of the Patients (N= 453)

Characteristics	All Patients (n=453)
Gender, n (%)	Male	220 (48.6)
	Female	233 (51.4)
Hypertension, n (%)	Yes	216 (47.7)
	No	237 (52.3)
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)	Yes	315 (69.5)
	No	138 (30.5)
Age (years), means ± SD		54.5 ± 10.2
Body mass index, means ± SD		29.3 ± 4.1
HbA1c (%), means ± SD		7.8 ± 1.2
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl), means ± SD		159 ± 14.5
Creatinine Serum (mg/dl), means ± SD		0.84 ± 0.5
e-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), means ± SD		99.6 ± 31.4
BUN, means ± SD		14.8 ± 6.8
Systolic BP (mmHg), means ± SD		129.5 ± 14.3
Diastolic BP (mmHg), means ± SD		80.7 ± 8
Hemoglobin (g/dl), means ± SD		13.6 ± 6

Abbreviations: BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1C; BMI, body mass index; e-GFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

Table 2 Prevalence of Anemia According to Clinical Characteristics Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Characteristics	Anemia 174 (n=174)	No Anemia (n=279)	P–value
Gender, n (%)			< 0.001*
Male	17 (7.7%)	203 (92.3%)
Female	157 (67.4%)	76 (32.6%)
Hypertension, n (%)			0.002*
Yes	99 (45.8%)	117 (54.2%)
No	75 (31.6%)	162 (68.4%)
Hyperlipidemia, n (%)			0.835
Yes	120 (38.1%)	195 (61.9%)
No	54 (39.1%)	84 (60.9%)
Age (years), means ± SD	56 ± 11	53 ± 10	0.014*
Body mass index, means ± SD	30.3 ± 5	28.7 ± 4	0.001*
HbA1c (%), means ± SD	7.7 ± 1.1	7.9 ± 1.3	0.11
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl), means ± SD	160.5 ± 41	156.1 ± 54	0.372
Creatinine Serum (mg/dl), means ± SD	0.80 ± 0.22	0.73 ± 0.33	0.009*
e-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2), means ± SD	88.6 ± 21.4	105.3 ± 31.2	0.001*
BUN, means ± SD	18.5 ± 12.3	14.8 ± 5.7	< 0.001*
Systolic BP (mmHg), means ± SD	131 ± 12.3	128 ±11.4	0.053
Diastolic BP (mmHg), means ± SD	79.6 ± 9.3	81.4 ± 6.5	0.016*

Notes: *P-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Table 3 Univariate and Multivariate Analysis for the Factors Associated with Anemic Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Demographics	Prevalence of Anemia
	COR	95% CI		P-value	AOR	95% CI		P-value
Gender (Ref. Male)
Female	12.63	4.01	16.42	< 0.001*	18.5	9.35	21.97	< 0.001*
Hypertension (Ref. No)
Yes	1.82	1.25	2.68	0.002*	2.11	1.98	4.25	0.036*
Age (years)	1.023	1.01	1.043	0.015*	1.082	0.946	1.109	0.326
BMI	1.077	1.031	1.124	0.001*	1.101	1.045	1.159	0.001*
HbA1c (%)	1.81	1.69	1.95	0.031	0.959	0.896	1.026	0.227
Fasting blood glucose (mg/dl)	0.998	0.994	1.002	0.371	0.997	0.990	1.005	0.472
Creatinine Serum (mg/dl),	1.39	1.19	1.81	0.001*	1.72	1.22	2.132	0.001*
e-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2),	0.64	0.43	0.95	0.021*	0.571	0.27	0.872	0.008
BUN	1.047	1.023	1.072	< 0.001*	1.221	1.145	1.301	< 0.001*
Systolic BP (mmHg)	1.013	1.00	1.026	0.054	1.017	0.989	1.047	0.238
Diastolic BP (mmHg)	0.97	0.95	0.99	0.017*	0.94	0.85	1.09	0.071

Notes: *P-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant.

Abbreviations: COR, crude odd ratio; AOR, adjusted odd ratio; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; HbA1c, Hemoglobin A1C; BMI, body mass index.

Data Sharing Statement

All data will be provided upon request. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding authors (Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun and Moyad Shahwan).