The Prevalence of Sleep Disorders in People with Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Sample

Characteristics		N (%)
Gender	Male	68 (45.9)
	Female	80 (54.1)
	Total	148 (100.0)
Age	Less than 30 years	2 (1.4)
	30–40 years	9 (6.1)
	41–50 years	20 (13.5)
	51–60 years	58 (39.2)
	61–70 years	43 (29.1)
	More than 70 years	16 (10.8)
	Total	148 (100.0)
Height	Less than 160 cm	69 (46.6)
	161–170 cm	59 (39.9)
	171–180 cm	18 (12.2)
	More than 180 cm	2 (1.4)
	Total	148 (100.0)
Weight	Less than 70 kg	44 (29.7)
	75–80 kg	43 (29.1)
	85–95 kg	25 (16.9)
	96–105 kg	23 (15.5)
	106–115 kg	7 (4.7)
	116–125 kg	3 (2.0)
	126–135 kg	2 (1.4)
	More than 135 kg	1 (0.7)
	Total	148 (100.0)
Duration of type 2 diabetes	Less than 5 years	19 (12.8)
	5–10 years	35 (23.6)
	11–15 years	30 (20.3)
	16–20 years	30 (20.3)
	21–25 years	21 (14.2)
	More than 25 years	13 (8.8)
	Total	148 (100.0)
Glycated hemoglobin level	Less than 6%	7 (4.7)
	6–7%	35 (23.6)
	8–9%	71 (48.0)
	More than 9%	35 (23.6)
	Total	148 (100.0)

Table 2 Mean and Standard Deviation of Sleep Disorders

No.	Sleep Disorder	Mean ± SD
1	Sleep pattern assessment	2.733 ± 1.273
2	Symptoms of lack of sleep	2.957 ± 1.484
Total		2.845 ± 1.379

Table 3 One Sample t-test of the Sleep Disorders

No.	Sleep Disorder	Mean	SD	t	Mean Difference	p-value
1	Sleep pattern assessment	2.733	1.273	−17.193	147	<0.001
2	Symptoms of lack of sleep	2.957	1.484	−5.343	147	<0.001

Table 4 Means and Standard Deviations of Weight and Glycemic Control

No.	Statement	Mean ± SD	Rate
1	I eat several small meals.	2.635 ± 1.289	Moderate
2	I eat healthy food.	3.162 ± 1.240	Moderate
3	I count the carbohydrates in my daily meals.	1.264 ± 0.703	Low
4	I ensure each meal is well balanced.	2.946 ± 1.399	Moderate
5	I make sure my meals and medications are consistent.	3.899 ± 1.379	High
6	I avoid consuming sugar-sweetened drinks.	2.730 ± 1.537	Moderate
7	I practice sports.	2.824 ± 1.379	Moderate
8	I keep specific schedules for practicing sport.	2.669 ± 1.445	Moderate
9	I check my blood glucose level frequently.	3.372 ± 1.495	Moderate
10	I drink plenty of water or other unsweetened liquids.	4.250 ± 1.042	High
11	I keep track of my calories.	1.189 ± 0.663	Low
12	I check my blood glucose level regularly.	3.514 ± 1.567	Moderate
13	I take my insulin doses at the precise times recommended by my doctor.	3.838 ± 1.629	High
Control of weight and glucose		2.945 ± 1.29	Moderate

Table 5 Linear Regression of the Effect of Sleep Pattern Assessment and Symptoms of Lack of Sleep Scores on Quality Control of Weight and Sugar

Model	Sleep Disorder	R	R Square	Adjusted R Square	Std. Error of the Estimate
1	Sleep pattern assessment	0.052	0.003	−0.004	0.58946
2	Symptoms of lack of sleep	0.167	0.028	0.021	0.58196

Table 6 One-Way ANOVA of the Effect of Sleep Pattern Assessment and Symptoms of Lack of Sleep on Quality Control of Weight and Sugar

Model		Sum of Squares	Diff.	Mean Square	F	p-value
1	Regression	0.137	1	0.137	0.396	0.530
	Residual	50.729	146	0.347
	Total	50.867	147
2	Regression	1.420	1	1.420	4.193	0.042
	Residual	49.447	146	0.339
	Total	50.867	147