Effects of a recreational physical activity and healthy habits orientation program, using an illustrated diary, on the cardiovascular risk profile of overweight and obese schoolchildren: a pilot study in a public school in Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of intervention group and control group pre- and post-intervention

Variable	Intervention (n = 17)		P-value	Control (n = 17)		P-value
	Pre	Post		Pre	Post
	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD		Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD
Age (years)	9.94 ± 0.83	10.00 ± 0.93	–	10.12 ± 0.86	10.12 ± 0.86	–
Weight (kg)	46.75 ± 7.49	46.25 ± 7.46	0.012*	48.05 ± 7.15	48.95 ± 8.43	0.28
Height (cm)	1.45 ± 0.9	1.46 ± 0.9	0.000*	1.48 ± 0.8	1.49 ± 0.08	0.00*
BMI (kg/m^2)	22.21 ± 2.15	21.6 ± 2.08	0.000*	22.17 ± 1.08	21.89 ± 2.24	0.18
WC (cm)	70.16 ± 6.15	69.15 ± 5.84	0.001*	71.4 ± 4.93	71.14 ± 5.99	0.60
%BF	29.25 ± 4.57	28.05 ± 4.77	0.003*	29.69 ± 4.88	29.53 ± 0.61	0.61
SBP (mmHg)	106.02 ± 9.57	101.72 ± 10.37	0.000*	108.25 ± 8.8	104.74 ± 8.65	0.22
DBP (mmHg)	65.12 ± 8.25	62.92 ± 9.06	0.308	70.58 ± 11.8	65.5 ± 5.22	0.10
VO2max (mL·kg^−1·min^−1)	43.35 ± 2.01	44.3 ± 2.37	0.014*	42.95 ± 3.24	43.5 ± 3.51	0.10
FG (mg/dL)	84.29 ± 4.01	82.12 ± 5.38	0.153	83.71 ± 8.47	84.71 ± 8.44	0.45
TC (mg/dL)	168.82 ± 29.03	154.0 ± 26.72	0.000*	158.94 ± 32.59	153.88 ± 29.59	0.15
HDL (mg/dL)	43.29 ± 8.08	41.88 ± 7.36	0.152	40.71 ± 7.69	38.29 ± 9.02	0.09
LDL (mg/dL)	107.53 ± 28.38	99.76 ± 26.8	0.000*	101.41 ± 28.54	95.88 ± 23.92	0.17
TG (mg/dL)	90.24 ± 28.02	70.76 ± 24.85	0.002*	83.82 ± 33.46	99.0 ± 58.46	0.18

Note:

* Statistically significant difference (paired t-test).

Abbreviations: %BF, percent body fat; BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FG, fasting glucose; HDL, high density lipoprotein; LDL, low density lipoprotein; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; TG, triglycerides; VO_2max, maximum oxygen intake; WC, waist circumference.

Table 2 Comparatives test of total physical activity level intra-and inter-group

Group	METs	SD	n	Paired t-test	IG/CG, independent t-test
				P-value	P-value (pre)	P-value (post)
IG
Pre	669.79	366.71	17	<0.01	0.73	<0.01
Post	1,601.38	529.67	17
CG
Pre	713.12	357.66	17	0.23
Post	847.43	340.27	17

Notes: Physical activity level classification: sedentary <600 MET/week, irregularly active >600 and <1,500 MET/week, active >1,500 and <3,000 MET/week, and very active >3,000 MET/week.

Abbreviations: CG, control group; IG, intervention group; MET, work metabolic equivalent; SD, standard deviation.

Table 3 Comparative analysis of the eating habits of schoolchildren in the intervention group (IG) and control group (CG), pre- and post-intervention

Weekly intakea	Pre	P-value	Post	P-value
Fruit juice	IG	0.203	IG	0.006
	CG		CG
Fruit	IG	0.488	IG	0.004
	CG		CG
Legumes	IG	0.203	IG	0.139
	GC		GC
Soda drinks	IG	0.729	IG	0.002
	CG		CG
Fries	IG	0.331	IG	0.122
	CG		CG
Pasta	IG	0.465	IG	0.319
	CG		CG
Candy	IG	0.396	IG	0.070
	CG		CG
Rice and beans	IG	0.382	IG	0.587
	CG		CG
Meat	IG	0.048	IG	0.151
	CG		CG

Note:

a Values were taken in days/week.

Table 4 Eating habits of schoolchildren in the intervention group (IG), pre- and post-intervention (%)

Weekly intakea	Situation	0 times	1–3 times	4–6 times	Every day	Twice every day	P-value*
Fruit juice	Pre	58.8	41.2	0.0	0.0	0.0	<0.01
	Post	17.6	11.8	70.6	0.0	0.0
Fruit	Pre	23.5	70.6	5.9	0.0	0.0	<0.01
	Post	0.0	11.8	29.4	58.8	0.0
Legumes	Pre	35.3	29.4	11.8	23.5	0.0	0.14
	Post	11.8	17.6	41.2	29.4	0.0
Soda drinks	Pre	5.9	29.4	17.6	47.1	0.0	<0.01
	Post	58.8	29.4	11.8	0.0	0.0
Fries	Pre	17.6	35.3	35.3	11.8	0.0	<0.05
	Post	64.7	11.8	17.6	5.9	0.0
Pasta	Pre	29.4	58.8	5.9	5.9	0.0	<0.05
	Post	70.6	17.6	11.8	0.0	0.0
Candy	Pre	5.9	17.6	17.6	47.1	0.0	<0.01
	Post	5.9	47.1	47.1	0.0	0.0
Rice and beans	Pre	0.0	0.0	5.9	23.5	70.6	0.15
	Post	0.0	0.0	0.0	52.9	47.1
Meat	Pre	0.0	41.2	23.5	35.3	0.0	0.01
	Post	0.0	5.9	76.5	17.6	0.0

Notes:

a Values were taken in days/week

* significant in answer proportions comparison between pre- and post-intervention (chi-square test).