Prevalence of diagnosed and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in adults aged 19 years and older in Basrah, Iraq

Figures & data

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the 5,445 screened individuals

Variables	Mean ± SD or n (%)
Age, years
Range 19–94	46.7±14.3
Sex
Men	2,577 (47.3)
Women	2,868 (52.6)
Family history	2,205 (40.5)
Smoker	921 (16.9)
Hypertension	612 (11.2)
BMI, kg/m^2	27.4±6.4
Method of screening
Fasting plasma glucose	1,017 (18.7)
HbA1c	4,809 (88.3)
Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c	378 (6.9)
Oral glucose tolerance test	15 (0.3)
Glycemic abnormality
Isolated impaired fasting glucose	276 (5.1)
Isolated prediabetes	1,263 (23.2)
Combined impaired fasting glucose/prediabetes	45 (0.8)
Normal glycemia	2,790 (51.2)
New diabetes	597 (11)
Known diabetes	474 (8.7)
All diabetes	1,071 (19.7)
All prediabetes	1,584 (29.1)
Total	5,445

Abbreviations: HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index.

Figure 1 Glycemic abnormalities.

Table 2 Prevalence of dysglycemia according to subject sex and age

Variable	Age, years, n (%)
	19–30	31–45	46–60	61–75	76+	Total
Men
n (%)	408 (15.8)	990 (38.4)	723 (28.1)	381 (14.8)	75 (2.9)	2,577 (100.0)
Prediabetes	78 (10.6)	279 (37.8)	201 (27.2)	153 (20.7)	27 (3.7)	738 (28.6)
Diabetes	15 (3.0)	153 (30.4)	210 (41.7)	102 (20.2)	24 (4.8)	504 (19.6)
Normal glycemia	315 (23.6)	558 (41.8)	312 (23.4)	126 (9.4)	24 (1.8)	1,335 (100.0)
Women
n (%)	345 (12.0)	987 (34.4)	1,008 (35.1)	465 (16.2)	63 (2.2)	2,868 (100.0)
Prediabetes	54 (6.4)	270 (31.9)	333 (39.4)	168 (19.9)	21 (2.5)	846 (29.5)
Diabetes	21 (3.7)	150 (26.5)	249 (43.9)	123 (21.7)	24 (4.2)	846 (19.8)
Normal glycemia	270 (18.6)	567 (39.0)	426 (29.3)	174 (12.0)	18 (1.2)	1,455 (51.8)
Both sexes
Prediabetes	132 (8.3)	549 (34.7)	534 (33.7)	321 (20.3)	48 (3.0)	1,584 (29.1)
Diabetes	36 (3.4)	303 (28.3)	459 (42.8)	225 (21)	48 (4.5)	1,071 (19.7)
Normal glycemia	585 (21.0)	1,125 (40.3)	738 (26.5)	738 (10.8)	42 (1.5)	2,790 (51.2)

Note:P-value <0.0001.

Figure 2 Prevalence of dysglycemia by age in both men and women.

Table 3 Associations between subject characteristics and glycemic abnormalities

	Prediabetes	Diabetes	Normal glycemia	Total	P-value
Age, years, mean ± SD	49.3±14.2	52.6±12.5	42.9±13.8	46.7±14.3	<0.0001
Sex, n (%)
Men	738 (28.6)	504 (19.6)	1,335 (51.8)	2,577	0.001
Women	846 (29.5)	567 (19.8)	1,455 (50.7)	2,868
BMI, kg/m^2 (mean ± SD)	28.1±6.6	28.3±5.6	26.8±6.6	27.4 ±6.4	0.01
Hypertension, n (%)	201 (32.8)	210 (34.3)	201 (32.8)	612	<0.0001
Family history, n (%)	627 (28.4)	603 (27.3)	975 (44.2)	2,205	<0.0001
Smoking, n (%)	267 (29.0)	138 (15.0)	516 (56.0)	921	<0.0001
Total	1,584 (29.1)	1,071 (19.7)	2,790 (51.2)	5,445 (100.0)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.

Table 4 Glycemic abnormalities according to BMI categories

BMI kg/m^2 groups n (%)	Prediabetes	Diabetes	Normal glycemia	Total
<18.5 kg/m^2	48 (19.8)	18 (7.4)	177 (72.8)	243 (100.0)
18.5–24.9 kg/m^2	405 (25.4)	300 (18.8)	888 (55.7)	1,593 (100.0)
25–29.9 kg/m^2	534 (30.1)	360 (20.3)	882 (49.7)	1,776 (100.0)
≥30 kg/m^2	597 (32.6)	393 (21.4)	843 (46.0)	1,833 (100.0)
Total	1,584 (29.1)	1,071 (19.7)	2,790 (51.2)	5,445 (100.0)

Note:P-value <0.0001.

Abbreviation: BMI, body mass index.