Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors and metabolic syndrome in obese Kuwaiti adolescents

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive parameters of the adolescents according to sex, mean (standard deviation)

Variables	All participants (n=80)	Boys (n=40)	Girls (n=40)	Number of participants with abnormality (%)
				Borderline	High
Age, years	12.3 (1.1)	12.4 (1.2)	12.3 (1.1)	na	na
BMI Z-score	2.2 (0.3)	2.2 (0.3)	2.2 (0.3)	na	na
Waist circumference, cm	93.3 (12.2)	96.6 (12.4)	90.0 (11.2)
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg	122 (11)	125 (11)	119 (9)	na	24 (30.0%)
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg	77 (8)	78 (8)	77 (7)	na	14 (17.5)
Total cholesterol, mmol/L	4.7 (0.9)	4.7 (1.0)	4.7 (0.8)	25 (31.5%)	27 (33.8%)
LDL, mmol/L	3.0 (0.8)	3.0 (0.9)	3.0 (0.7)	20 (25%)	28 (35.0%)
TG, mmol/L	1.3 (0.5)	1.3 (0.5)	1.3 (0.5)	26 (32.5%)	22 (27.5%)
HDL, mmol/L	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.2)	1.1 (0.3)	60 (75%) low	16 (20.0%)
FBG, mmol/L	4.7 (0.8)	4.8 (0.9)	4.5 (0.6)	na	2 (2.5%)
Fasting insulin, μU/L	26.7 (23.8)	26.4 (25.8)	27.0 (22.0)	21 (26.5%)	35 (43.8%)
HOMA-IR	6.0 (7.3)	6.4 (9.2)	5.5 (5.0)	na	54 (67.5%)
ALT, U/L	34.2 (23.6)	42.2 (21.3)	26.1 (23.4)	na	21 (26.3%)
AST, U/L	58.1 (19.3)	63.3 (15.6)	52.8 (21.4)	na	71 (88.8%)
GGT, U/L	27.0 (12.6)	31.4 (13.9)	22.7 (9.6)	na	14 (17.5%)
CRP, mg/L	4.2 (5.1)	5.0 (4.6)	3.5 (5.5)	31 (38.5%)	34 (42.5%)
IL-6, pg/mL	2.0 (1.8)	1.9 (1.5)	2.0 (2.1)	na	6 (7.5%)
ICAM, ng/mL	461.3 (158.5)	493.2 (158.0)	429.4 (154.6)	na	53 (66.3%)
Adiponectin, ng/mL	50.7 (25.0)	47.0 (21.5)	54.4 (27.9)	na

Abbreviations: ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; FBG, fasting blood glucose; GGT, gamma glutamyltransferase; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, insulin resistance by homeostasis model assessment; ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule; IL-6, interleukin-6; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; na, not applicable; TG, triglycerides.

Table 2 Metabolic syndrome prevalence using IDF and ATP III criteria in the participants

Anthropometric and biochemical variables	Mean (standard deviation)	IDF	ATP III
Waist circumference (cm)	93.3 (12.2)	66 (82.5%)	66 (82.5%)
TG (mmol/L)	1.3 (0.5)	12 (15%)	37 (46.5%)
HDL (mmol/L)	1.1 (0.2)	26 (32.5)	26 (32.5%)
FBG (mmol/L)	4.7 (0.8)	4 (5%)	2 (2.5%)
Systolic blood pressure	122 (11)	9 (11.5%)	11 (13.5%)
Diastolic blood pressure	77 (8)
Metabolic syndrome prevalence		17 (21.3%)	24 (30%)

Abbreviations: ATP III, Third Adult Treatment Panel; FBG, fasting blood glucose; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; TG, triglycerides.