Type 2 diabetes in Brazil: epidemiology and management

Figures & data

Figure 1 Distribution of prevalence (according to regions) and trends (in the region of São Paulo) of diabetes diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance testing in adults living in urban areas in Brazil.

Note: Data from Malerbi DA, Franco LJ. Multicenter study of the prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in the urban Brazilian population aged 30–69 yr. The Brazilian Cooperative Group on the Study of Diabetes Prevalence. Diabetes Care. 1992;15(11):1509–1516;11 and Bosi PL, Carvalho AM, Contrera D, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the urban population of 30 to 79 years of the city of Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2009;53(6):726–732.¹²

Figure 2 Trend in prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus in Brazil.

Note: Data from Brasil, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos não transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde. VIGITEL Brasil 2013: Vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. Brasília (DF): Ministério da Saúde; 2014.¹³

Figure 3 Distribution of prevalence of self-reported diabetes mellitus according to age.

Note: Data from Brasil, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos não transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde. VIGITEL Brasil 2013: Vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. Brasília (DF): Ministério da Saúde; 2014.¹³

Table 1 Prevalence of selected risk factors for chronic diseases as ascertained by VIGITEL, 2006–2013

	2006	2010	Mean annual change
Smoking
Current smoker	16.2%	11.3%	−0.63%
Physical activity
Adequate leisure time physical activity	14.8% (2009 data)	33.8%	0.99%
Eating
Regular consumption of fruit and vegetables	20% (2009 data)	23.6%	0.8%
Excess weight
Excess weight (BMI ≥25 kg/m^2)	42.8%	50.8%	1.3%
Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m^2)	11.8%	17.5%	0.82%

Note: Data from Brasil, Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilância de Doenças e Agravos não transmissíveis e Promoção da Saúde. VIGITEL Brasil 2013: Vigilância de fatores de risco e proteção para doenças crônicas por inquérito telefônico. Brasília (DF): Ministério da Saúde; 2014.¹³

Abbreviations: VIGITEL, Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases Telephone Survey; BMI, body mass index.

Figure 4 Hospitalization rate according to selected chronic diseases, Brazil 2000–2009.

Note: Data from the SUS Hospital Information System.⁶⁸
Abbreviation: SUS, Sistema Único de Saúde.

Figure 5 Trends in mortality from NCCD for 1996–2000 and 2007.

Note: Reprinted from The Lancet, 377(9781). Schmidt MI, Duncan BB, Azevedo e Silva G, et al. Chronic non-communicable diseases in Brazil: burden and current challenges. Lancet. 2011:1949–1961.¹⁰ Copyright 2011, with permission from Elsevier.
Abbreviations: NCCD, noncommunicable chronic diseases; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CRD, chronic respiratory disease; NCD, noncommunicable diseases.

Table 2 Recommendations for glycemic goals according to BDS and ADA/EASD guidelines

	BDS 2014		ADA/EASD 2014
	Recommended	Acceptable	Recommended
Fasting capillary glycemia	<100 mg/dL	<130 mg/dL	70–130 mg/dL
Preprandial capillary glycemia	<100 mg/dL	<130 mg/dL	70–130 mg/dL
Postprandial (2-hour) capillary glycemia	<160 mg/dL	<180 mg/dL	<180 mg/dL

Abbreviations: BDS, Brazilian Diabetes Society; ADA, American Diabetes Association; EASD, European Association for the Study of Diabetes.

Figure 6 Algorithm for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Note: Adapted from Sociedade Brasileira de Diabetes. Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasieira de Diabetes: 2013–2014. Barueri, Brazil: AC Farmacêutica Ltda.; 2014.¹
Abbreviations: BDS, Brazilian Society of Diabetes; HbA_1c, glycated hemoglobin; DPP-IV, dipeptidyl peptidase 4; GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide-1; SGLT2, sodium-glucose co-transporter 2.

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