Effect of different exercise intensities on the pancreas of animals with metabolic syndrome

Figures & data

Table 1 Biometric parameters of animals

Parameter	C	MS	MSWalk	MSRun
Initial body mass (g)	104±3	105±5	104±2	106±4
Final body mass (g)	430±3	437±5	423±2	415±4
Visceral adipose tissue (g)	4.2±0.5	10.3±1.2a	5.9±0.8a,b	5.3±0.6a,b

Notes: Values are given as mean ± SEM.

a P<0.05× C

b P<0.05× MS.

Abbreviations: C, control; MS, metabolic syndrome; MSWalk, metabolic syndrome and practice of walking; MSRun, metabolic syndrome and practice of running; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Table 2 Biochemical parameters of animals

Parameter	C	MS	MSWalk	MSRun
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
1st week	102.2±2	96.1±2	94±2.6	92.1±1.6
9th week	105.3±9.2	231.3±11.4	221.1±9.2	229.4±12.1
18th week	95.4±3.2	223.1±9.7	157.5±9.2a,b	131.4±9.7c
Glycemia (mg/dL)
1st week	93±2	76.2±3.1	98.1±3.2	97.3±2.4
9th week	94.1±2.9	78.4±3.5	75.2±1.4	85.7±2.2
18th week	86.2±3.2	74.6±2.4	89.7±1.4	92.3±2
Kitt (%/min)
1st week	4.0±0.2	4.9±0.3	5.3±0.4	4.8±0.3
9th week	4.5±0.3	2.9±0.3a	3.7±0.3a	2.1±0.2a
18th week	4.9±.2	2.8±0.3a	3.6±0.1a	4.3±0.2b

Notes: Values are given as mean ± SEM.

a P<0.05× C

b P<0.05× MS

c P<0.05× MSWalk.

Abbreviations: C, control; MS, metabolic syndrome; MSWalk, metabolic syndrome and practice of walking; MSRun, metabolic syndrome and practice of running; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Table 3 Mean values of volume densities (Vv) (%) of the islets, islet cells, interstitium of the islets, acini, acinar cells, interstitium of the acini, and vessels and ducts

Parameter (%)	C	MS	MSWalk	MSRun
Vv[islet]	12.88±1.00	8.21±0.63a	14.08±1.03b	7.39±0.96a,c
Vv[isl cells]	10.34±0.83	6.96±0.56a	11.23±0.95b	5.80±0.86a,c
Vv[isl int]	2.53±0.25	1.24±0.11a	2.85±0.22b	1.58±0.32c
Vv[acini]	85.26±1.16	90.65±0.72a	83.31±1.28b	91.66±2.67c
Vv[ac cells]	53.22±1.90	58.94±1.28	48.73±1.49b	66.76±4.38a,c
Vv[ac int]	32.03±2.44	31.37±1.15	34.37±0.97	24.90±2.74
Vv[vess duc]	1.69±0.46	0.93±0.19	3.27±0.56b	2.06±0.76

Notes: Values are given as mean ± SEM.

a P<0.05× C

b P<0.05× MS

c P<0.05× MSWalk.

Abbreviations: C, control; int, insterstitial; isl, islet; ac, acinar; vess, vessels; duc, ducts; MS, metabolic syndrome; MSWalk, metabolic syndrome and practice of walking; MSRun, metabolic syndrome and practice of running; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Table 4 Mean values of islets area, mean diameter, numeric density of islets per section (Nv[islet]/section), and pancreatic area/section

Parameter	C	MS	MSWalk	MSRun
Area of the islets (μm^2)	21,962.7±1,987.1	22,410.3±2,025.7	25,228.4±2,210	18,477.7±4,903.7c
Mean diameter (μm)	161.1±6.9	156.2±7.2	183.43±8.9	159.03±14.3
Nv[islet]/section	8.96±0.31	11.81±0.98	10.4±1.14	21.66±1.90a,b,c
Pancreatic area/section (μm^2)	275,379.31±7,548.1	288,090.90±9,594.9	347,200±19,437a,b	283,666.66±18,549c

Notes: Values are given as mean ± SEM.

a P<0.05× C

b P<0.05× MS

c P<0.05× MSWalk.

Abbreviations: C, control; MS, metabolic syndrome; MSWalk, metabolic syndrome and practice of walking; MSRun, metabolic syndrome and practice of running; SEM, standard error of the mean.

Figure 1 Photo to micrographs of the pancreas.

Notes: Morphological aspects of acini, islets, and vessels and ducts of the pancreas in the four groups: C, MS, MSWalk, and MSRun. The tissue was stained with hematoxylin–eosin (H&E). Scale bar: 50 μm². Magnification: ×400.
Abbreviations: C, control; MS, metabolic syndrome; MSWalk, metabolic syndrome and practice of walking; MSRun, metabolic syndrome and practice of running.

Figure 2 Histogram of the percentage values of the mean diameter of pancreatic islets in the studied groups.

Abbreviations: C, control; MS, metabolic syndrome; MSWalk, metabolic syndrome and practice of walking; MSRun, metabolic syndrome and practice of running.