Effect of Holostemma annularis on the progression of diabetes induced by a high fructose diet in rats and in diabetic C57BL/6J ob/ob mice

Figures & data

Table 1 Effect of chloroform and methanol extracts of Holostemma annularis on high fructose diet induced change in serum glucose, triglycerides, and cholesterol and urine total proteins

Group	Serum glucose (mg/dL)				Serum triglycerides (mg/dL)	Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	Total protein in urine (g/dL)
	Day				Day	Day	Day
	1	7	14	21	21	21	21
Normal control	57 ± 6.0	62 ± 4.8	64 ± 3.0	71 ± 1.4	86.34 ± 6.6	70.57 ± 6.40	Nil
Diabetic control (5% Tween 80, p.o)	65 ± 2.2	87 ± 3.8	137 ± 6.0	188 ± 7.2***	153.83 ± 1.7***	89.01 ± 7.39*	1.9 ± 0.14***
Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg, po)	63 ± 3.1	60 ± 2.8	71 ± 5.1	82 ± 2.9***	99.53 ± 6.1***	75.45 ± 5.72**	1.1 ± 0.11***
CEHA (150 mg/kg)	59 ± 3.1	63 ± 2.8	78 ± 2.6	126 ± 2.9**	114.69 ± 11.1*	80.37 ± 5.90*	1.8 ± 0.13
CEHA (300 mg/kg)	49 ± 3.0	75 ± 5.2	103 ± 6.6	96 ± 6.9***	89.35 ± 6.8***	74.87 ± 5.55*	1.3 ± 0.09*
MEHA (150 mg/kg)	64 ± 4.6	66 ± 6.5	98 ± 6.5	117 ± 7.6**	126.64 ± 6.8*	82.53 ± 5.4*	1.7 ± 0.18
MEHA (300 mg/kg)	54 ± 5.4	71 ± 6.5	87 ± 3.8	94 ± 3.4***	83.33 ± 6.3***	72.60 ± 6.57*	1.2 ± 0.12*

Notes: Effect of normal (saline), Tween 80 (2%), glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), chloroform extract of Holostemma annularis (CEHA) 150 and 300 mg/kg and methanol extract of H. annularis (MEHA) 150 and 300 mg/kg on serum glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol and total protein level in urine in high-fructose diet induced diabetic rats. The results were analyzed by Student’s t test and by comparing mean of treatment group, control group with normal. Conclusions are presented as mean ± SEM. P value <0.05 was considered as significant.

* P < 0.05,

** P < 0.01,

*** P < 0.001.

Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 2 Effect of chloroform and methanol extracts of Holostemma annularis on serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol in C57 BL/6J mice

Group	Serum Glucose (mg/dl)			Serum Triglyceride (mg/dl)	Serum Cholesterol (mg/dl)
	Day			Day	Day
	0	10	21	21	21
C57BL/6J diabetic mice	183.3 ± 10.6	191.5 ± 9.8	201.6 ± 11.8	68.2 ± 42.2	169 ± 12.4
Glibenclamide (5 mg/kg)	188.5 ± 17.6	169.5 ± 5.8	149.4 ± 10.3**	49.3 ± 38.4**	117 ± 16.4**
CEHA (150 mg/kg)	187.6 ± 12.3	171.4 ± 11.2	166.5 ± 10.2*	60.2 ± 10.4*	144 ± 15.5*
CEHA (300 mg/kg)	190.0 ± 18.1	178.7 ± 15.1*	163.5 ± 12.9**	56.1 ± 9.7*	121 ± 18.3*
MEHA (150 mg/kg)	189.4 ± 13.3	175.4 ± 12.3	164.3 ± 11*	59.4 ± 12.3*	148 ± 17.3*
MEHA (300 mg/kg)	195.8 ± 15.9	172.2 ± 12.0*	156.1 ± 13.9**	53.3 ± 11.2*	127 ± 14.7*

Notes: Effect of glibenclamide (5 mg/kg), chloroform extract of Holostemma annularis (CEHA) 150 and 300 mg/kg and methanol extract of H. annularis (MEHA) 150 and 300 mg/kg on serum glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol level in C57BL/6J ob/ob diabetic mice. The results were analyzed by Student’s t test and by comparing mean of treatment group, control group with glibenclamide. Conclusions are presented as mean ± SEM. P value <0.05 was considered as significant.

* P < 0.05,

** P < 0.01,

*** P < 0.001.

Abbreviation: SEM, standard error of mean.

Table 3 Effect of chloroform and methanol extract of Holostemma annularis on glucose tolerance

Treatment	Initial	Serum glucose (mg/100 mL) Time (minutes) after glucose administration
		30	90
Control (Tween 80)	52 ± 5.0	138 ± 2.8	129 ± 4.0
CEHA (150 mg/kg)	55 ± 3.8	114 ± 4.5**	119 ± 5.6**
MEHA (150 mg/kg)	59 ± 4.5	126 ± 5.3**	118 ± 5.2**

Notes: The rats of all groups were loaded with glucose (3 g/kg po) 30 minutes after the drug treatment. Values are mean ±SD. n = 6 in each group.

** P < 0.001 (compared to control value).

* P < 0.01 (compared to control value).

Abbreviations: SEM, standard error of mean; CEHA, chloroform extract of Holostemma annularis; MEHA, methanol extract of H. annularis.