Risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients according to World Health Organization, Third Report National Cholesterol Education Program, and International Diabetes Federation definitions

Figures & data

Table 1 Odds ratios for having metabolic syndrome according to WHO, NCEP-ATPIII, and IDF definitions

	WHO OR [95% CI]	NCEP-ATPIII OR [95% CI]	IDF OR [95% CI]
Age (≥65 years vs <65 years)	0.48 [0.34–0.69]	0.59 [0.41–0.87]	–
Gender (female vs male)	–	2.02 [1.37–2.97]	4.00 [2.35–6.80]
Physical activity
Low (<2 h/week vs sedentarism)	0.82 [0.52–1.27]	0.66 [0.40–1.09]	0.62 [0.35–1.09]
Moderate (2–4 h/week vs sedentarism)	0.43 [0.27–0.67]	0.43 [0.26–0.72]	0.42 [0.24–0.74]
Intense (>6 h/week vs sedentarism)	0.44 [0.26–0.76]	0.30 [0.17–0.53]	0.53 [0.27–1.04]
HbA1c (>7% vs ≤7%)	1.58 [1.12–2.22]	1.08 [0.74–1.56]	–
Fasting glucose (elevated vs normal)	1.36 [0.78–2.35]	5.99 [3.56–10.07]	–
Dyslipidemia (yes vs no)	1.79 [1.25–2.55]	2.28 [1.57–3.32]	–
Hypertension (yes vs no)	2.33 [1.60–3.40]	2.36 [1.59–3.53]	–
Treatment with OAM (yes vs no)	1.54 [1.04–2.29]	1.63 [1.07–2.48]	–
Treatment with insulin (yes vs no)	–	–	1.96 [1.24–3.11]
Endocrine disorders (yes vs no)	1.44 [0.97–2.12]	1.64 [1.06–2.57]	–
Left ventricular hypertrophy (yes vs no)	1.68 [0.95–2.97]	1.32 [0.73–2.41]	2.72 [1.22–6.04]

Note: Variables not included in the model due to lack of statistical significance in the bivariate analysis.

Abbreviations: WHO, World Health Organization; NCEP-ATPIII, Third Report National Cholesterol Education Program; IDF, International Diabetes Federation; OR, odds ratio; OAM, oral antihyperglycemic medication; CI, confidence interval; HbA_1c, Hemoglobin A_1c.