Incretin mimetics: a novel therapeutic option for patients with type 2 diabetes – a review

Figures & data

Figure 1 A) The molecular structure of human GLP-1. B) The molecular structure of exenatide (gray colors indicate differences in structure from human GLP-1. C) The molecular structure of liraglutide (gray colors indicate changes in structure from human GLP-1).

Table 1 Summary of exenatide clinical trials

	Patients with type 2 diabetes (n)	Study duration (months)	Extension period (months)	Background medication	Exenatide study arm	Comparator study arm	Baseline HbA1c (%)	Change in HbA1c (%) a exenatide	Change in HbA1c (%) comparator	Change in body weight (kg) *exenatide	Change in body weight (kg) comparator
Buse et al^Citation47	377	7	3 years (Klonoff et al^Citation53)	Sulfonylurea	Exenatide	Placebo	8.6	−0.9	+0.1	−1.6	−0.6
DeFronzo et al^Citation46	336	7	3 years	Metformin	Exenatide	Placebo	8.2	−0.8	+0.1	−2.8	−0.6
Kendall et al^Citation48	733	7	3 years	Metformin + sulfonylurea	Exenatide	Placebo	8.5	−0.8	+0.2	−1.6	−0.9
Zinman et al^Citation52	233	4	No	Thiazolidinedione ± metformin	Exenatide	Placebo	7.9	−0.9	+0.1	−1.8	−0.2
Heine et al^Citation50	551	6	No	Metformin + sulfonylurea	Exenatide	Insulin glargine	8.2	−1.1	−1.1	−2.3	+1.8
Nauck et al^Citation51	501	12	No	Metformin + sulfonylurea	Exenatide	Insulin aspart	8.6	−1.0	−0.9	−2.5	+2.9

a Using 10 μg of exenatide.

Table 2 Summary of liraglutide clinical trials

	Patients with type 2 diabetes (n)	Study duration (months)	Extension period (months)	Background medication	Liraglutide study arm	Comparator study arm(s)	Baseline HbA1c (%)	Change in HbA1c (%) a liraglutide	Change in HbA1c (%) comparator	Change in body weight (kg)a liraglutide	Change in body weight (kg) comparator
LEAD 1^Citation59	1041	6	None	Glimepiride	Liraglutide	Rosiglitazone or placebo	8.5	−1.1	−0.4	−0.2	+2.1
LEAD 2^Citation58	1091	6	48	Metformin	Liraglutide	Glimepiride or placebo	8.4	−1.0	−0.7	−2.8	+1.0
LEAD 3^Citation56	746	12	60	None	Liraglutide	Glimepiride		−1.1	−0.5	−2.5	+1.1
LEAD 4^Citation60	533	6	None	Metformin + rosiglitazone	Liraglutide	Placebo	8.2	−1.5	−0.5	−2.0	+0.6
LEAD 5^Citation61	533	6	None	Metformin + glimepiride	Liraglutide	Insulin glargine or placebo	8.3	−1.3	−1.1	−1.8	+1.6
LEAD 6^Citation62	464	6	3	Metformin and/or glimepiride	Liraglutide	Exenatide	8.2	−1.1	−0.8	−3.2	−2.9

a Using 1.8 mg of liraglutide.

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