Prevalence and correlates of HIV infection among men who have sex with men: a multi-provincial cross-sectional study in the southwest of China

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographics and risk factors among MSM in Chongqing and Sichuan Province, China

Variables	All (n, %)	HIV+ (n, %)	Prevalence (%)	P-valuea
Demographics and background
Age (years)				0.037
≤25	356 (28.59)	63 (23.98)	17.70
26–39	647 (51.97)	137 (51.89)	21.17
≥40	242 (19.44)	64 (24.24)	26.44
Household registration				<0.001
Urban	778 (62.49)	138 (52.27)	17.74
Rural	467 (37.51)	126 (47.73)	26.98
Ethnicity				0.196
Han majority	1,212 (97.35)	260 (98.48)	21.45
Minorities	33 (2.65)	4 (1.52)	12.12
Education				<0.001
College or above	630 (50.60)	99 (37.50)	15.71
Junior high or senior high	552 (44.34)	144 (54.55)	26.08
Illiteracy/primary	63 (5.06)	21 (7.95)	33.33
Marital status				<0.001
Single	861 (69.16)	159 (60.23)	18.47
Ever married	384 (30.84)	105 (39.77)	27.34
Occupation				<0.001
Employed	1,000 (80.32)	215 (81.44)	21.50
Retired	12 (0.96)	3 (1.14)	25.00
Student	139 (11.16)	14 (5.3)	10.07
Unemployed	94 (7.55)	32 (12.12)	34.04
Income, CNY				0.003
≤3,000	765 (61.45)	183 (69.32)	23.92
>3,000	480 (38.55)	81 (30.68)	16.88
Drinking			20.71	0.508
Yes	840 (67.85)	174 (66.16)	22.36
No	398 (32.15)	89 (33.84)
Refused/missing	7	1
Drug abuse in the past 6 months			20.08	0.026
No	1,199 (98.93)	249 (94.32)	46.15
Yes	13 (1.07)	6 (2.35)
Refused/missing	33	9
Sexual history
Number of male sex partners in the past 1 month
≤1	977 (87.15)	190 (73.08)	19.45	0.002
>1	244 (12.85)	70 (16.92)	28.69
Refused/missing	24	4
Number of male sex partners in the past 6 months
≤1	587 (50.65)	121 (48.02)	20.06	0.345
>1	572 (49.35)	131 (51.98)	22.90
Refused/missing	86	12
Number of female sex partners in the past 6 months
0	869 (77.24)	172 (70.20)	19.80	0.003
≥1	256 (22.76)	73 (29.80)	28.51
Refused/missing	120	19
Preferred position in anal sex
Insertive	565 (45.79)	86 (32.82)	15.22	<0.001
Almost equally	337 (27.31)	89 (33.97)	26.41
Receptive	332 (26.90)	87 (33.21)	26.20
Refused/missing	11	2
Condoms use in the past 6 months
Consistent	557 (52.45)	108 (46.35)	19.40	0.028
Never/sometimes	505 (47.55)	125 (53.65)	24.75
Refused/missing	183	31
Finding sex partners on internet
No	700 (59.73)	142 (55.69)	20.29	0.137
Yes	472 (40.27)	113 (44.31)	23.94
Refused/missing	73	9
Sexually transmitted diseases
No	1,134 (91.82)	231 (88.17)	20.37	0.015
Yes	101 (8.18)	31 (11.83)	30.69
Refused/missing	10	2
Trading sex in the past 6 months
No	1,169 (94.43)	246 (93.18)	21.04	0.320
Yes	69 (5.57)	18 (6.82)	26.09
Refused/missing	7	0
HIV testing and counseling
HIV testing
No	443 (35.58)	113 (42.80)	25.51	0.006
Yes	802 (64.42)	151 (57.20)	18.83
HIV counseling
No	661 (53.09)	143 (54.17)	21.63	0.693
Yes	584 (46.91)	121 (45.83)
Perceived risk and AIDS phobia
How serious do you think HIV/AIDS is?
Very serious	833 (66.91)	171 (64.77)	20.53	0.242
Serious	310 (24.90)	63 (23.86)	20.32
Moderate	78 (6.27)	21 (7.95)	26.92
Not serious	14 (1.12)	7 (2.65)	50.00
Not at all	10 (0.80)	2 (0.76)	20.00
Prevalence rate of HIV among MSM in your community?
Very high	245 (19.68)	49 (18.56)	20.00	0.415
High	467 (37.51)	95 (35.98)	20.34
Moderate	341 (27.39)	79 (29.92)	23.17
Low	113 (9.08)	23 (8.71)	20.35
Very low	79 (6.35)	18 (6.82)	22.78
Risk of being infected by HIV via sexual contact?
Very high	762 (61.2)	162 (61.36)	21.26	0.915
High	257 (20.64)	56 (21.21)	21.79
Moderate	141 (11.33)	27 (10.23)	19.15
Low	45 (3.61)	10 (3.79)	22.22
Very low	40 (3.21)	9 (3.41)	22.50

Notes:

a χ² test was applied if variables were categorical.

Abbreviation: MSM, men who have sex with men.

Table 2 Risk factors associated with HIV infection among MSM in Chongqing and Sichuan Province

Variables	Univariate		Multivariate
	OR (95% CI)	P-value	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Education
College or above (Ref)	1.89 (1.42–2.52)	0.408	1.65 (1.18–2.29)	0.890
Junior high/senior high	2.68 (1.52–4.72)	0.016	2.57 (1.28–5.13)	0.040
Illiteracy/primary
Preferred position in anal sex
Insertive (Ref)	2.82 (1.88–4.23	0.028	2.15 (1.46–3.16)	0.089
Almost equally	4.03 (2.43–6.68)	<0.001	2.58 (1.75–3.80)	<0.001
Receptive
Condom use
Always (Ref) never/sometimes	1.37 (1.02–1.83)	0.035	1.68 (1.11–2.56)	0.015
Drug abuse in the past 6 months
No (Ref)	3.27 (1.09–9.82)	0.035	3.40 (1.28–8.99)	0.014
Yes
Number of male sex partners in the past 1 month
≤1 (Ref)	1.497 (1.13–1.99)	0.006	1.59 (1.08–2.33)	0.018
>1
Sexually transmitted disease
No (Ref)	1,73 (1.11–5.80)	0.016	1.76 (1.05–2.95)	0.030
Yes

Abbreviations: MSM, men who have sex with men; OR, odds ratio; AOR, adjusted OR; Ref, reference.

Figure 1 Receiver operating characteristic curve about the prediction effect of the logistic regression model.

Figure 2 Distribution of HIV estimated probability among 962 MSM.

Abbreviation: MSM, men who have sex with men.

Table 3 Distribution of estimated HIV infection probability in 962 MSM

n	Minimum	Maximum	Average	Median	P25	P75	IQR
962	0.086	0.682	0.201	0.195	0.134	0.249	0.115

Abbreviation: MSM, men who have sex with men