Mother to Child Transmission of HIV and Associated Factors Among HIV Exposed Infants at Public Health Facilities, Dessie Town, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 The age of HIV exposed infants during final diagnosis of HIV, at public health facilities in Dessie town, Ethiopia, 2017 (n =313).

Figure 2 Method of HIV diagnosis for HIV exposed infants, at public health facilities in Dessie town, Ethiopia, 2017 (n = 313).

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of HEIs and Their Mothers at Public Health Facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2017 (n = 313)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percentage
Maternal age at enrollment	< 25 years	26	8.3
	25–35 years	246	78.6
	> 35 years	41	13.1
Residence	Urban	220	70.3
	Rural	93	29.7
Sex of the infants	Male	164	52.4
	Female	149	47.6
Maternal level of education	Primary school	111	35.5
	Secondary school	103	32.9
	College/University	21	6.7
	Illiterate	78	24.9
Occupation	Housewife	172	55
	Daily laborer	77	24.6
	Employee	34	10.9
	Farmer	25	8
	Other	5	1.6

Table 2 Frequency and Percentage of Prenatal, Intranatal, and Postnatal Findings of MTCT of HIV at Public Health Facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2017 (n = 313)

Variable	Categories	Frequency	Percentage
Mother had ANC visit	Yes	257	82.1
	No	56	17.9
No. of ANC visit	Once	20	7.8
	Two	38	14.8
	Three	90	35
	Four	109	42.4
Place of delivery	Health facility	262	83.7
	Home	51	16.3
Mode of delivery	SVD	305	97.6
	CS	8	2.6
Weight at delivery	< 2500 g	49	15.7
	≥ 2500 g	264	84.3
Feeding option for the first 6 months	Exclusive breast feeding	265	84.7
	Exclusive Replacement Feeding	33	10.5
	Mixed feeding	15	4.8
Feeding option after 6 months	Breast feeding and Complementary Feeding	254	81.2
	Replacement Feeding and Complementary Feeding	59	18.8
Age of the infant at enrollment	≤ 6 weeks	294	93.9
	>6 weeks	19	6.1

Table 3 Frequency of Anti-Retroviral Intervention and Clinical Finding of HEIs and Their Mothers at Public Health Facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2017 (N= 313)

Variable	Categories	Frequency	Percentage
Maternal ARV intervention	Yes	290	92.7
	No	23	7.3
When were ARV drugs initiated	Prior to pregnancy	187	64.5
	During pregnancy	76	26.2
	During labor/delivery	16	5.5
	After delivery	11	3.8
ART drug during PMTCT intervention	TDF+3TC+EFV	176	60.7
	AZT+3TC+EFV	16	5.5
	TDF+3TC+NVP	27	9.3
	AZT+3TC+NVP	63	21.7
	ABC+3TC+EFV	8	2.8
Did the infant receive ARV prophylaxis?	Yes	294	93.3
	No	21	6.7
Abnormal findings in the infant suggesting HIV	Yes	9	2.9
	No	304	97.1
WHO clinical stage near/at delivery	Stage 1 and 2	299	95.5
	Stage 3 and 4	9	2.9
	Not applicable	5	1.6

Table 4 Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with MTCT of HIV Among HEIs at Public Health Facilities in Dessie Town, Ethiopia, 2017 (n = 313)

Variables	Positive	Negative	COR(95% CI)	AOR(95% CI)	P-value
Maternal educational status
Formal education	7 (3%)	227 (97%)	1	1
No formal educational	5 (6.3%)	74 (93.7%)	2.2 (0.68–7.11)	1.8 (0.41–7.64)	0.45
Residence
Urban	5 (2.3%)	215 (97.7%)	1	1
Rural	7 (7.5%)	86 (92.5%)	3.5 (1.08−11.33)	1.7 (0.41–7.35)	0.46
ANC follow up
Yes	6 (2.4%)	246 (97.6%)	1	1
No	6 (9.8%)	55 (90.2%)	5 (1.56−16.20)*	4.6 (1.17–17.99)*	0.029
Place of delivery
Health facility	7 (2.7)	255 (97.3%)	1	1
Home	5 (9.8)	46 (90.2)	4 (1.21–13.01)	4.2 (1.04–16.76)*	0.044
Feeding option to 6 months
EBF	9 (3.4%)	256 (96.6%)	1	1
ERF	1 (3%)	32 (97%)	0.9 (0.11−7.25)	0.96 (0.10–9.45)	0.97
MF	2 (13.3%)	13 (86.7%)	4.4 (0.85−22.3)	1.01 (0.12–8.74)	0.99
Infant’s age at enrollment
≤ 6 weeks	9 (3.1%)	285 (96.9%)	1	1
>6 weeks	3 (15.8%)	16 (84.2%)	5.9 (1.46−24.09)	4.4 (0.83–23.67)	0.081
Maternal ARV intervention
Before labor/delivery	7 (2.7%)	256 (97.3%)	1	1
During/after labor/delivery	2 (7.4%)	25 (92.6%)	2.9 (0.58–14.85)	3.0 (0.45–20.20)	0.26
No	3 (13%)	20 (87%)	5.5 (1.32–22.86)	5.7 (1.10–29.36)*	0.038
NVP intervention
Yes	8 (2.7%)	284 (97.3%)	1	1
No	4 (19%)	17 (81%)	8.4 (2.29–30.53)	5.3 (1.11–25.44)*	0.037

Note: *Statistically significant at p < 0.05 with 95% CI.