Magnitude of Opportunistic Infections and Associated Factors Among HIV-Positive Adults on ART at Selected Public Hospitals in Sidama National Regional State, Southern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of HIV-Positive Adults on ART at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

	Category	No.	(%)
Age of respondents
	18−24 years	89	(21.5)
	25–34 years	171	(41.3)
	35 or above years	154	(37.2)
Sex of respondents
	Male	180	(43.5)
	Female	234	(56.5)
Marital status
	Married	259	(62.6)
	Unmarried	54	(13.0)
	Divorced	50	(12.1)
	Separated	14	(3.4)
	Widowed	37	(8.9)
Education status
	No formal education	25	(6.0)
	Elementary School	102	(24.6)
	High School	254	(61.4)
	Diploma and Above	33	(8.0)
Working situation
	Working actively	278	(67.1)
	Unemployed	121	(29.2)
	Pensioner	15	(3.6)
Live with
	My family	264	(63.8)
	Live alone	77	(18.6)
	My parents	54	(13.0)
	Unstable	16	(3.9)
	No answer	3	(0.7)
Household income in Ethiopian Birr
	300–1920	223	(53.9)
	>1920	191	(46.1)

Notes: NB, working actively (government, NGO, private and self-employed); Income, based on (HCE, 2016) exchange rate 1 USD to 29.3673ETB.

Table 2 Environmental and Behavioral Characteristics of HIV-Positive Adults on ART at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Category	No.	(%)
Floor of living house
	Mud	89	(21.5)
	Cement	273	(65.9)
	Wood	40	(9.7)
	Others	12	(2.9)
Latrine available
	Yes	401	(96.9)
	No	13	(3.1)
Ownership of the latrine
	Private Owned	19	(4.6)
	Shared with neighbors	395	(95.4)
Source of water for drink
	Pipe	398	(96.1)
	Others	12	(4.9)
Living with domestic animals and pets
	Yes	108	(26.1)
	No	306	(73.9)
Use any tobacco products
	Yes	27	(6.5)
	No	387	(93.5)
Smoke cigarettes in last 30 days
	Yes	14	(3.4)
	Never	400	(96.6)
Ever drunk alcohol
	Yes	71	(17.1)
	No	343	(82.9)
Currently drinking
	Yes	63	(15.2)
	No	351	(84.8)
Khat chewing
	Yes	48	(11.6)
	No	366	(88.4)

Figure 1 Magnitude of opportunistic infections among HIV/AIDS on ART at selected hospitals in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia 2019 (n=414).

Figure 2 WHO clinical staging among HIV/AIDS on ART at selected hospitals in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia 2019 (n=414).

Table 3 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis for OIs Among HIV-Positive Adults on ART at Selected Hospitals in Sidama Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, 2019

		Opportunistic Infections				COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
		Yes		No
		No. (%)		No. (%)
Age
	18−24 years	20	(22.5)	69	(77.5)	1	1
	25–34 years	66	(38.6)	105	(61.4)	2.17(1.21, 3.89)	1.83(0.97, 3.44)	0.061
	35 or above years	78	(50.6)	76	(49.4)	3.54(1.96, 6.39)	3.50(1.85, 6.61)	<0.001*
Education status of respondents
	No formal education	15	(60.0)	10	(40.0)	2.76(1.20, 6.37)	4.54(1.81, 11.37)	0.001*
	Elementary School	48	(47.1)	54	(52.9)	1.64(1.04, 2.59)	1.52(0.92, 2.53)	0.105
	High School and Above	101	(35.2)	186	(64.8)	1	1
Disclosed their HIV status to their family and relatives
	Yes	118	(36.9)	202	(63.1)	1	1
	No	46	(48.9)	48	(51.1)	1.64(1.03, 2.61)	1.54(0.91, 2.58)	0.106
Initial CD4 count
	<200 cells/mm3	26	(54.2)	22	(45.8)	2.58(1.41, 4.71)	3.10(1.61, 5.96)	0.001*
	≥200 cells/mm3	138	(37.7)	228	(62.3)	1	1
Taking ART medicines properly
	Yes	115	(34.5)	218	(65.5)	1	1
	No	49	(60.5)	32	(39.5)	2.90(1.76, 4.78)	3.21(1.86, 5.56)	<0.001*
Smoke cigarettes in last 30 days
	No	155	(38.8)	245	(61.3)	1	1
	Yes	9	(64.3)	5	(35.7)	2.85(0.94, 8.65)	1.03(0.28, 3.83)	0.971
Khat chewing
	No	131	(36.0)	233	(64.0)	1	1
	Yes	33	(66.0)	17	(34.0)	3.45(1.85, 6.44)	4.24(2.07, 8.68)	<0.001*

Note: NB: *Statistically significant on multivariate analysis p-value (<0.05).

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; 1, reference.