Health-Related Quality of Life Among Persons Living with HIV/AIDS in Jordan: An Exploratory Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Descriptive Statistics of the WHOHIV-BREF Domains and Facets (n = 18)

	Mean	SD	Median	Range
HRQoL^#	3.19	1.11	3.25	2–5
1. How would you rate your QoL?	3.11	1.18	3.00	2–5
2. How satisfied are you with your health?	3.28	1.23	3.00	2–5
Physical health	13.89	3.74	13.00	8–20
3. Pain and discomfort *	3.67	1.41	4.00	2–5
4. Symptoms of HIV *	3.44	1.46	3.00	2–5
14. Energy and fatigue	4.00	1.19	4.50	2–5
21. Sleep and rest	3.28	1.27	3.00	1–5
Psychological health	14.00	3.24	14.00	8–19
6. Positive feelings	3.22	1.40	2.50	2–5
11. Concentration ability	3.00	1.14	2.50	2–5
15. Bodily image self-acceptance	3.83	1.54	5.00	2–5
24. Self-satisfaction	3.78	1.40	4.50	2–5
31. Negative feelings *	2.67	0.69	3.00	2–4
Level of independence	12.67	3.71	13.00	8–19
5. Dependence on medication *	3.44	1.10	4.00	2–5
20. Mobility	2.78	0.81	3.00	2–4
22. Activities of daily living	3.50	1.30	3.50	2–5
23. Work capacity	3.44	1.38	4.00	2–5
Social relations	12.89	3.40	14.00	7–20
17. Social inclusion	3.22	1.21	3.50	2–5
25. Personal relationships	3.67	1.38	4.00	2–5
26. Sexual satisfaction	3.22	1.17	3.00	2–5
27. Social support	3.06	1.21	3.00	1–5
Environmental health	12.10	3.14	11.75	8–19
12. Physical safety and security	3.83	1.04	4.00	2–5
13. Physical environment	3.33	0.91	3.00	2–5
16. Financial resources	2.11	0.68	2.00	1–4
18. Information for daily living	3.50	1.10	3.50	2–5
19. Participation in leisure activities	2.50	1.25	2.00	1–5
28. Home environment	2.61	1.20	2.00	1–5
29. Accessibility of health services	2.89	1.41	3.00	1–5
30. Transport	2.89	1.41	2.00	1–5
Spirituality/personal beliefs	14.39	4.19	4.90	8–20
7. Personal life meaning	3.83	1.30	4.50	2–5
8. Forgiveness and blame *	3.72	1.49	5.00	2–5
9. Concerns about the future *	3.66	1.41	4.00	2–5
10. Death and dying *	3.33	1.57	2.50	1–5

Notes: ^#HRQoL: is computed as the mean of question 1 and question 2. *Reversely scored. The bold values are the statistics for the subscales.

Table 2 Socio-Demographic and Clinical Variables for a Sample of 18 Respondents with Good or Poor HRQoL

Variable	Mean		SD		Median		Range
Age in years	36.0		5.49		37		25–45
Time since diagnosis (years)	4.83		3.89		3		1–14
Variable	Total		Good HRQoL		Poor HRQoL		p	X^2
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Age
Less or equal 37	10	55.6	6	60	4	40	0.34	0.90
More than 37	8	44.4	3	37.5	5	62.5
Time since diagnosis in years
Equal or less to 3 years	8	44.4	4	50	4	50	1.00	0.0
More than 3 years	10	55.6	5	50	5	50
Sex
Male	8	44.4	5	62.5	3	37.5	0.34	0.90
Female	10	55.6	4	40	6	60
Education
Secondary school or less	15	83.3	7	46.7	8	53.3	0.53	0.40
College or more	3	16.7	2	66.7	1	33.3
Income
Inadequate	12	66.7	4	33.3	8	66.7	0.04	4.00
Adequate	6	33.3	5	83.3	1	16.7
Employment
Unemployed	12	66.7	4	33.3	8	66.7	0.04	4.00
Employed	6	33.3	5	83.3	1	16.7
Marital status
Single (single, divorced, widow)	9	50	2	22.2	7	77.8	0.02	5.55
Married	9	50	7	77.8	2	22.2
Disclosure status
Not to any one excluding physician/partner	12	66.7	4	33.3	8	66.7
Expand disclosure to family member	6	33.3	5	83.3	1	16.7	0.04	4.00
Route of Transmission, n (%)
Sexual contact	13	72.2	7	53.8	6	46.2 60	0.59	0.27
Others	5	27.8	2	40	3
Comorbidity
Have comorbidity	7	38.9	1	14.3	6	85.7	0.016	5.84
Do not have comorbidity	11	61.1	8	72.7	3	33.3
HIV serostatus
HIV Positive – Asymptomatic	18	100
HIV positive – symptomatic	0	0
AIDS	0	0
ART status
Receiving ARV treatment	18	100
Not on ARV treatment	0	0