Predictors of Current CD4+ T-Cell Count Among Women of Reproductive Age on Antiretroviral Therapy in Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the sampling procedure of HIV positive women of reproductive age on ART at the Public Hospitals from February 1st to April, 2018.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age on ART (n = 422) in Public Hospitals, southwest Ethiopia, 2018

Variables	Frequency	%
Place of residence
Urban	290	68.7
Rural	132	31.3
Age of respondents
Median(IQR) in years	37.00 (33.0–43.0)
Marital status
Single	64	15.2
Married	196	46.4
Divorced	108	25.6
Widowed	54	12.8
Religion
Protestant	216	51.2
Orthodox	105	24.9
Muslim	101	23.9
Ethnicity
Bench	128	30.3
Oromo	89	21.1
Amhara	67	15.9
Kaffa	40	9.5
Sheka	36	8.5
Meini’t	35	8.3
Tigre	16	3.8
Dizzi	11	2.6
Respondent‘s educational status
Illiterate	159	37.7
Primary	111	26.3
Secondary	94	22.3
Certificate and above	58	13.7
Respondent‘s occupational status
Farmer	31	7.3
Merchant	44	10.4
Student	12	2.8
Government employee	31	7.3
Daily worker	64	15.2
Housewife	146	34.6

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Women of Reproductive Age on ART in Public Hospitals, southwest Ethiopia, 2018

Variables	Frequency	%
Duration of HAART(years)
≤ 6	117	27.7
>6	305	72.3
Median (IQR) of ART duration (In Years)	8 (6–10)
Baseline WHO clinical stage
I	65	15.4
II	152	36.0
III	165	39.1
IV	40	9.5
Baseline CD4^+ T-cell count (cells/mm^3)
<200	257	60.9
200–349	128	30.3
350–499	26	6.2
≥500	11	2.6
Baseline ARV drug adherence
Good	354	83.9
Fair	35	8.3
Poor	33	7.8
WHO stage during data collection
I	13	3.1
II	405	96
III	4	0.9
CD4^+ T-cell count during data collection (cells/mm^3)
<200	32	7.6
200–349	96	22.7
350–499	120	28.5
≥500	174	41.2
Viral load count (copies/mm3)
Undetected	233	55.2
0–19	79	18.7
20–999	40	9.5
≥1000	70	16.6
Initial regimen
d4T+3TC+NVP	89	21.1
d4T+3TC+EFV	36	8.5
AZT+3TC+NVP	128	30.3
AZT+3TC+EFV	35	8.3
TDF+3TC+EFV	67	15.9
TDF+3TC+NVP	40	9.5
Pediatric (d4T +3TC+NVP)	16	3.8
Pediatric 4C (AZT+3TC +NVP)	11	2.6
Opportunistic Infection
No	259	61.4
Yes	163	38.6
Switching
No	242	57.3
Yes	180	42.7
Switching drug Type
To 1st line drug	169	93.9
To 2nd line drug	11	6.1
Second regimen
AZT+3TC+NVP	62	14.7
AZT+3TC+EFV	32	7.6
TDF+3TC+NVP	26	6.2
TDF+3TC+EFV	47	11.1
ABC+ddl+LPV/R	13	3.1
Reasons for Switching Drug
Toxicity	98	23.2
Pregnancy	33	7.8
TB	24	5.7
Immunological failure	13	3.1
Default	7	1.7
Age	5	1.2
Immunological Failure
No	368	87.2
Yes	54	12.8
Components of Immunological Failure
CD4 Falling More Than 50%	32	59.3
CD4 Falling Below Baseline	19	35.2
CD4 Persistently Below 100 cells/mm^3	3	5.5

Abbreviations: ARV, antiretroviral; EFV, efavirenz; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; d4T, stavudine; 3TC, lamivudine; NVP, nevirapine; AZT, zidovudine; ABC, abacavir; ddl, didanosine; LPV/R, lopinavir/ritonavir.

Table 3 Independent Factors Associated with Current CD4⁺ T-Cell Count Among Women of Reproductive Age on ART in Public Hospitals, southwest Ethiopia, 2018

Variables	No (%)	Bivariate (Simple Linear Regression Analysis)			Multiple Linear Regression Analysis
		Unstandardized B Coefficient	95% CI for B	P-value	Unstandardized B Coefficient	Standardized B Coefficient	95% CI for B	P-value
Residence
Urban	290(68.7)	R	R
Rural	132(31.3)	−117.9	−161.9, −73.9	0.000	−17.27	−0.036	−55.1, 20.6	0.370
Educational Status
Illiterate	159(37.7)	R	R
Primary	111(26.3)	9.3	−42.6, 61.3	12.64	0.025	−30.3, 55.6	0.563
Secondary	94(22.3)	92.6	37.9, 147.2	0.001	51.96	0.098	7.8, 96.1	0.021*
Certificate and above	58(13.7)	150.4	85.9, 214.8	0.000	56.45	0.088	3.5, 109.4	0.037*
Baseline WHO clinical stage
I	65(15.4)	45.9	−16.8, 108.6	11.24	0.018	−40.9, 63.5	0.672
II	152(36.0)	77.8	29.7, 125.9	0.002	44.06	0.096	5.3, 82.9	0.026*
III	165(39.1)	R	R
IV	40(9.5)	−16.9	−92.3, 58.6	8.38	0.011	−52.6, 69.4	0.787
Type of initial regimen
d4T+3TC+NVP	89(21.1)	36.1	−21.2, 93.4	40.26	0.075	−11.2, 91.7	0.125
d4T+3TC+EFV	36(8.5)	136.6	58.3, 214.9	0.001	155.285	0.197	85.9, 224.6	0.000*
AZT+3TC+NVP	128(30.3)	R	R
AZT+3TC+EFV	35(8.3)	210.5	131.3, 289.7	0.000	167.23	0.210	100.4, 234.1	0.000*
TDF+3TC+EFV	67(15.9)	−12.0	−74.6, 50.6	−4.33	−0.007	−58.8, 50.2	0.876
TDF+3TC+NVP	40(9.5)	−31.4	−106.6, 43.8	25.85	0.034	−35.6, 87.3	0.408
Pediatric (d4T +3TC+NVP)	16(3.8)	25.2	−84.9, 135.3	4.09	0.004	−87.2, 95.4	0.930
Pediatric 4C (AZT+3TC +NVP)	11(2.6)	−4.6	−134.9, 125.9	−73.68	−0.053	−185.8, 38.5	0.197
Baseline adherence
Good	354(83.9)	R	R
Fair	35(8.3)	−133.2	−206.3, −59.9	0.000	−122.41	−0.154	−186.2, −58.3	0.000*
Poor	33(7.8)	−222.9	−298.0, −147.7	0.000	−181.06	−0.221	−247.6, −114.5	0.000*
Opportunistic Infection
No	259(61.4)	R	R
Yes	163(38.6)	−170.9	−210.9, −130.8	0.000	−101.62	−0.225	−138.7, −64.5	0.000*
Baseline CD4^+T-cell count		0.3	0.1, 0.4	0.000	0.35	0.257	0.2, 0.5	0.000*
Viral load
Undetectable	233(55.2)	R	R
1–19	79(18.7)	4.7	−48.9, 58.3	−2.06	−0.004	−46.4, 42.3	0.927
20–999	40(9.5)	−36.1	−106.6, 34.3	2.23	0.003	−55.2, 59.6	0.939
≥1000	70(16.6)	−189.5	−245.7, −133.4	0.000	−137.53	−0.233	−185.9, −89.1	0.000*
Time duration on ART		15.3	7.9, 22.7	0.000	14.36	0.182	6.304, 22.4	0.001*

Notes: *Significant at (p <0.05).

Abbreviations: R, reference category; EFV, efavirenz; TDF, tenofovir disoproxil fumarate; d4T, stavudine; 3TC, lamivudine; NVP, nevirapine; AZT, zidovudine; ABC, abacavir; ddl, didanosine; LPV/R, lopinavir/ritonavir; WHO, World Health Organization; ART, antiretroviral therapy.