Levels of Adherence and Associated Factors Among Children on ART Over Time in Northwest, Ethiopia: Evidence from a Multicenter Follow-Up Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Schematic presentation of the recruitment and allocation process for adherence to antiretroviral among children receiving ART at South Gondar public Hospitals, Northwest, 2020.

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Children Receiving ART at South Gondar Public Hospitals, Northwest, 2020 (n=363)

Variable	Categories	Number	Percent
Age of the child (years)	0–4	109	30.0
	5–9	196	54.0
	10–14	58	16.0
Sex	Male	186	51.2
	Female	177	48.8
Residence	Rural	73	20.1
	Urban	290	79.9
Marital status of caregivers	Single	49	13.5
	Married	243	66.9
	Widowed/Divorced	71	19.6
Caregiver’s educational status	Cannot read and write	152	41.9
	Primary school (1–8)	92	25.3
	Secondary school (9–12)	99	27.3
HIV disclosure Status	Yes	184	50.7
	No	179	49.3

Table 2 Clinical Characteristics of Study Participants Receiving ART at South Gondar Public Hospitals, Northwest, 2020 (n=363)

Variable	Categories	Number	Percent
Weight for height	Normal	177	48.8
	Underweight	186	51.2
Hgb level	<10mg/dl	59	16.3
	>10mg/dl	304	83.7
WHO stage	I & II	263	72.5
	III &IV	100	27.5
CD4 counts or %	Below threshold	71	19.6
	Above threshold	292	80.4
Regimen at baseline	Zidovudine contains	314	86.5
	Non-zidovudine contains	49	13.5
Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT)	Yes	69	19.0
	No	294	81.0
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT)	No	253	69.7
	Yes	110	30.3
Treatment failure	Yes	36	9.9
	No	327	90.1
TB status	Yes	41	11.3
	No	322	88.7
Year initiation	<2014	231	63.6
	≥2014	132	36.4
Duration on ART	<36 months	129	35.5
	36–59 months	67	18.5
	>59 moths	167	46.0
Follow-up status of Adherence	Good	284	78.2
	Poor	79	21.8

Figure 2 Levels of adherence of children receiving ART at South Gondar public Hospitals, Northwest, 2020.

Table 3 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis on Levels of Adherence Among Children Receiving ART at South Gondar Public Hospitals, Northwest, 2020 (n=363)

Variable	Categories	Level of Adherence		COR,95% CI	AOR, 95% CI
		Poor (79)	Good (284)
Age of the child (years)	0–4	23	86	0.8 (0.36–1.62)	–
	5–9	41	155	0.8 (0.38–1.50)	–
	10–14	15	43	1	–
Sex	Male	42	144	1.1 (0.67–1.82)	–
	Female	37	140	1	–
Residence	Rural	28	45	2.9 (1.70–5.11)*	3.3 (0.96–7.25)
	Urban	51	239	1	1
Marital status	Single	8	41	0.6 (0.24–1.58)	–
	Married	54	189	0.9 (0.49–1.69)	–
	Widowed/Divorced	17	54	1	–
Educational status	Cannot read and write	40	112	1.9 (0.97–3.53)	0.7 (0.25–2.02)
	Primary school (1–8)	22	70	1.6 (0.79–3.34)	0.6 (0.18–1.73)
	Secondary school (9–12)	16	83	1	1
HIV disclosure Status	Yes	48	131	1.8 (1.1–3.00)*	0.7 (0.35–1.33)
	No	31	153	1	1
Weight for height	Normal	25	152	1	1
	Underweight	54	132	2.5 (1.46–4.22)*	1.3 (0.66–2.61)
Hgb level	<10mg/dl	21	38	2.3 (1.28–4.29)*	1.6 (0.68–3.71)
	>10mg/dl	58	246	1	1
CD4 counts or %	Below threshold	22	49	1.9 (1.04–3.31)*	1.4 (0.64–2.94)
	Above threshold	57	235	1	1
WHO stages	I & II	39	224	1	1
	III &IV	40	60	3.8 (2.26–6.47)*	1.9 (0.85–4.10)
Regimen at baseline	Zidovudine contain	73	241	2.2 (0.89–5.30)	3.5 (1.1–10.9)**
	Non-zidovudine contains	6	43	1	1
CPT	Yes	60	234	1	1
	No	19	50	1.5 (0.81–2.70)	1.0 (0.42–2.12)
IPT	Yes	21	89	1	-
	No	58	195	1.3 (0.72–2.20)	-
Treatment failure	Yes	21	15	6.5 (3.16–13.4)*	10.2 (3.95–26.2)**
	No	58	269	1	1
TB status	Yes	24	17	6.9 (3.45–13.6)*	3.8 (1.41–10.1)**
	No	55	55	1	1
Year initiation	<2014	50	181	0.9 (0.58–1.65)	-
	≥2014	29	103	1	-
Duration on ART	<36 months	48	81	4.1 (2.31–7.36)*	3.4 (1.60–7.20)**
	36–59 months	10	57	1.2 (0.54–2.75)	1.6 (0.60–4.10)
	>59 moths	21	146	1	1

Notes: *p value<0.05 at bivariable logistic regression: **p value<0.05 at multivariable logistic regression.