Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Reoccurrence of Opportunistic Infections Among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients Attending the ART Clinic at Public Health Facilities in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of HIV/AIDS Patients on ART at Public Health Facilities in Arba Minch Town, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables		Number	Percent
Age (years)	≤30	179	39.8
	31–45	221	49.1
	≥46	50	11.1
Sex	Male	187	41.6
	Female	263	58.4
Marital status	Married	259	57.6
	Single	58	12.9
	Divorced	73	16.2
	Widowed	60	13.3
Educational status	No formal education	114	25.3
	Primary	179	39.8
	Secondary	87	19.3
	College and above	70	15.6
Occupation	Government employee	97	21.6
	Merchant	79	17.5
	Laborer	99	22
	Farmer	58	12.9
	Housewife	91	20.2
	Others*	26	5.8
Ethnicity	Gamo	334	74.2
	Wolaita	49	10.9
	Amhara	30	6.7
	Others**	37	8.2

Notes: *Student, commercial sex worker; **Konso, Gurage.

Figure 1 Chronic disease status of patients in the current study.

Figure 2 Distribution of patients’ CD4 count by WHO HIV clinical stage.

Table 2 Types of Opportunistic Infections Reoccurring Among HIV/AIDS Patients on ART at Public Health Facilities in Arba Minch Town, Ethiopia, 2020

Reoccurring Opportunistic Infections	Number	%
Herpes zoster	6	5
Diarrheal disease	6	5
Pulmonary TB	22	18.5
Bacterial pneumonia	12	10
Oral thrush	13	10.9
Wasting syndrome	17	14.3
Cryptococcus meningitis	15	12.6
Extrapulmonary TB	3	2.5
Toxoplasmosis	7	5.9
Genital/oral ulcer	5	4.2
Chronic diarrhea	8	6.7
Encephalopathy	5	4.2
Total	119	100

Figure 3 Current WHO clinical stage of patients in this study.

Table 3 Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis of Factors Associated with Reoccurrence of Opportunistic Infection Among HIV/AIDS Patients on ART at Public Health Facilities in Arba Minch Town, Ethiopia, 2020

Variables		Re-occurrence of OI		Total	COR	AOR	95% CI	P
		Yes (%)	No (%)
Age (years)	≤30	40 (33.6)	139 (42)	179 (39.8)	1	1
	31–45	65 (54.6)	156 (47.1)	221 (49.1)	1.448	2.141	(1.049–4.374)	0.037*
	46–64	14 (11.8)	36 (10.9)	50 (11.1)	1.351	1.413	(0.473–4.224)	0.535
Residence	Urban	101 (84.9)	259 (78.2)	360 (80)	1	1
	Rural	18 (15.1)	72 (21.8)	90 (20)	0.641	0.301	(0.118–0.768)	0.012*
Baseline chronic disease	Yes	81 (68.1)	289 (87.3)	80 (17.8)	3.228	3.251	(1.497–7.060)	0.003*
	No	38 (31.9)	42 (12.7)	370 (82.2)	1	1
Baseline ART adherence	Good	85 (71.4)	316 (95.5)	401 (89.1)	1	1
	Fair	26 (21.8)	9 (2.7)	35 (7.8)	10.740	7.103	(2.215–22.782)	0.001*
	Poor	8 (6.7)	6 (1.8)	14 (3.1)	4.957	0.446	(0.082–2.429)	0.351
Baseline WHO stage	WHO stage I and II	31 (26)	126 (38.1	157 (34.9)	1	1
	WHO stage III and IV	88 (74)	205 (61.9)	293 (65.1)	1.745	0.866	(0.432–1.733)	0.684
Baseline BMI (kg/m^2)	<16	17 (14.3)	12 (3.6)	29 (6.4)	1	1
	16–18.49	24 (20.2)	56 (16.9)	80 (17.8)	0.303	1.547	(0.363–6.599)	0.555
	≥18.5	78 (65.5)	263 (79.5)	341 (75.8)	0.209	1.917	(0.449 −8.186)	0.379
Baseline hemoglobin (g/dL)	<10	27 (22.7)	36 (10.9)	63 (14)	1	1
	≥10	92 (77.3)	295 (89.1)	387 (86)	0.416	0.968	(0.376–2.491)	0.947
Baseline CD4 count (cells/mm^3)	<200	57 (47.9)	73 (22.1)	130 (28.9)	1	1
	200–350	32 (26.9)	104 (31.4)	136 (30.2)	0.394	1.077	(0.466–2.490)	0.862
	≥351	30 (25.2)	154 (46.5)	184 (40.9)	0.249	1.586	(0.563–4.485)	0.382
Current ART adherence	Good	73 (61.3)	288 (87)	361 (80.2)	1	1
	Fair	10 (8.4)	18 (5.4)	28 (6.2)	2.192	0.320	(0.072–1.423)	0.134
	Poor	36 (30.3)	25 (7.6)	61 (13.6)	5.681	3.391	(1.280–8.985)	0.014
Current BMI (kg/m^2)	<16	24 (20.2)	2 (0.6)	26 (5.8)	1	1
	16–18.49	29 (24.4)	14 (4.2)	43 (9.6)	0.173	0.494	(0.078–3.145)	0.555
	≥18.5	66 (55.5)	315 (95.2)	381 (84.7)	0.017	0.053	(0.008–0.343)	0.379
Current hemoglobin (g/dL)	<10	50 (42)	27 (8.2)	77 (17.1)	1	1
	≥10	69 (58)	304 (91.8)	373 (82.9)	0.123	0.293	(0.125–0.691)	0.005*
Current CD4 count (cells/mm^3)	<200	73 (61.3)	35 (10.6)	108 (23.3)	1	1
	200–350	20 (16.8)	52 (15.7)	72 (15.3)	0.184	0.324	(0.137–0.765)	0.010*
	≥351	26 (21.8)	244 (73.7)	270 (60)	0.051	0.089	(0.038–0.206)	0.000*

Note: *P-value <0.05.

Abbreviations: OI, opportunistic infection; ART, anti-retroviral therapy; BMI, body mass index; COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.