Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Coping Strategies Among People with HIV in Lira District, Uganda: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of 390 HIV Positive Clients

Explanatory Variables	Frequency (%)	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder		p-value
Category		No <44 (n%)	Yes ≤44
Age				0.549
18–28 years	82 (21.0%)	30(22.1%)	52(20.5%)
29–39 years	130(33.3%)	49(36.0%)	81(31.9%)
≥40 years	178(45.6%)	57(41.9%)	121(47.6%)
Gender
Male	122(31.3%)	59(43.4%)	63(24.8%)	<0.001*
Female	268(68.7%)	77(56.6%)	191(75.2%)
Education level				0.018*
No formal education	208(53.3%)	64(47.1%)	144(56.7%)
Completed Primary education	127(32.3%)	47(34.6%)	79(31.1%)
Secondary Education	42(10.8%)	15(11.0%)	27(10.6%)
Post-secondary education	14(3.6%)	10(7.4%)	4(1.6%)
Marital status				0.013*
Single	43(11.0%)	16(11.8%)	27(10.6%)
Married	215(55.1%)	88(64.7%)	127(50.0%)
Divorced/Seperated	65(16.7%)	18(13.2%)	47(18.5%)
Widowed	67(17.2%)	14(10.3%)	53(20.9%)

Notes: *Statistically significant variables at p < 0.05.

Table 2 Prevalence of PTSD

PTSD	Frequency (%)	Mean	Min	Max
No PSTD (<44)	136(34.9%)	34.62	17	43
PTSD present (>44)	254(65.1%)	57.44	44	80

Table 3 Coping Strategies and Post-Traumatic Stress

Explanatory Variables	Frequency (%)	Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder		p-value
Category		No <44 (n%)	Yes ≤44
Planning activities				<0.001*
No	82(21.0%)	15(11.0%)	67(26.4%)
Yes	308(79.0%)	121(89.0%)	187(73.6%)
Emotional support				<0.001*
No	146(37.4%)	27(19.9%)	119(46.9%)
Yes	244(62.6%)	109(80.1%)	135(53.1%)
Active coping				0.037*
No	47(12.1)	10(7.4%)	37(14.6%)
Yes	343(87.9%)	126(92.6%)	217(85.4%)
Information support				<0.001*
No	81(20.8%)	14(10.3%)	67(26.4%)
Yes	309(79.2%)	122(89.7%)	187(73.6%)
Acceptance				0.171
No	84(21.5%)	24(17.6%)	60(23.6%)
Yes	306(78.5%)	112(82.4%)	194(76.4%)
Spirituality				<0.001*
No	70(17.9%)	7(5.1%)	63(24.8%)
Yes	320(82.1%)	129(94.9%)	191(75.2%)
Denial				0.168
No	240(61.5%)	90(66.2%)	150(59.1%)
Yes	150(38.5%)	46(33.8%)	104(40.9%)
Substance use				0.932
No	280(71.8%)	98(72.1%)	182(71.7%)
Yes	110(28.2%)	38(27.9%)	72(28.3%)

Notes: *Statistically significant variables at p < 0.05.

Table 4 Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis

Variables	PTSD		COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI	p-value
	No	Yes
Gender
Male	122(31.3%)	59(43.4%)	0.43(0.28–0.67)	0.49(0.30–0.81)	0.005*
Female	268(68.7%)	77(56.6%)	1.00	1.00
Planning activities
No	10(7.4%)	37(14.6%)	2.15(1.03–4.50)	2.43(1.26–4.70)	0.008*
Yes	126(92.6%)	217(85.4%)	1.00	1.00
Emotional support
No	146(37.4%)	27(19.9%)	3.56(2.18–5.60)	2.94(1.74–4.98)	>0.001*
Yes	244(62.6%)	109(80.1%)	1.00
Spirituality
No	7(5.1%)	63(24.8%)	0.17(0.07–0.37)	4.40(1.83–10.46)	0.001*
Yes	129(94.9%)	191(75.2%)	1.00

Notes: *Statistically significant variables at p < 0.05.