Same-Day ART Initiation and Associated Factors Among People Living with HIV on Lifelong Therapy at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of HIV-Infected People Who Have Initiated ART at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2021

Variable Type	Categories	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Age	18–27 years old	129	26.71
	28–34 years old	108	22.36
	35–40 years old	118	24.43
	≥41 years old	128	26.50
Sex	Male	218	45.13
	Female	265	54.87
Marital Status	Single	96	19.88
	Married	296	61.28
	Divorced	63	13.04
	Widowed	28	5.80
Educational Status	Write and read only	104	21.53
	Primary school	179	37.06
	Secondary school	128	26.50
	College and above	72	14.91
Occupational Status	Unemployed	47	9.73
	Housewife	138	28.57
	Gov’t employed	143	29.61
	Private work	147	30.43
	Others*	8	1.66
Religion	Protestant	223	46.17
	Orthodox	206	42.65
	Muslim	46	9.52
	Catholic	8	1.66
Residence	Urban	419	86.75
	Rural	64	13.25

Note: *Daily labor, house servants.

Figure 1 WHO HIV/AIDS clinical stage among patients who initiated ART at Nekemte specialized hospital, Ethiopia, 2021.

Table 2 Baseline Clinical and Hematological Characteristics of HIV-Positive People Who Have Initiated ART at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2021

Variable Type	Categories	Frequency	Percentage (%)
Baseline CD4 cell count	≥500 cells/mm^3	163	33.75
	<500 cells/mm^3	320	66.25
Baseline viral load	TND	343	71.01
	<1000 copies/mL	98	20.29
	≥1000 copies/mL	42	8.70
Baseline Hemoglobin	≥11mg/dl	376	77.85
	<11mg/dl	107	22.15
Functional status	Working	446	92.34
	Ambulatory	27	5.59
	Bedridden	10	2.07
Comorbidities	Yes	8	1.66
	No	475	98.34
Baseline OIs	Yes	39	8.07
	No	444	91.93
Screened for TB	Yes	460	95.24
	No	23	4.76
HIV/TB co-infection	Yes	39	8.07
	No	444	91.93
BMI	≥25 kg/m^2	89	18.43
	18–24.99 kg/m^2	291	60.25
	≤17.99 kg/m^2	103	21.33

Abbreviations: TND, target not detected; BMI, body mass index; TB, tuberculosis; OIs, opportunistic infections; CD4, Cluster of differentiation 4.

Figure 2 Department from which the patient was referred to the site of ART initiation among patients receiving ART at Nekemte specialized hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2021.

Table 3 Facility and Structure Related Characteristics of HIV-Positive People Who Have Initiated ART at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2021

Variable Type	Categories	Frequency	Percentage (%)
HIV test approach	VCT	349	72.26
	PITC	134	27.74
Year of testing for HIV	2016	73	15.11
	2017	120	24.84
	2018	132	27.33
	2019	68	14.08
	2020	90	18.63
Site tested for HIV	Hospital	429	88.82
	Health center	20	4.14
	Others*	34	7.04
Use baseline CPT	Yes	302	62.53
	No	181	37.47
Use baseline IPT	Yes	423	87.58
	No	60	12.42
Reside within the catchment area	Yes	429	88.82
	No	54	11.18

Note: *Private clinics, public campaign.

Abbreviations: VCT, volunteer counseling and test; PITC, provider initiated test and counsel; CPT, Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis therapy; IPT, isoniazid preventive therapy.

Table 4 Personal and Family-Related Characteristics of HIV Positive People Who Have Initiated ART at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2021

Variable Type	Categories	Frequency	Percentage (%)
HIV disclosure status	Disclosed	465	96.27
	Not disclosed	18	3.73
To whom disclosed	Spouse	259	55.56
	Own child	14	3.01
	Parents	166	35.69
	Siblings	8	1.72
	Relatives and friends	12	2.58
	Others	6	1.29
Regular partner	Yes	436	90.27
	No	47	9.73
Partner’s HIV status	Positive	217	49.89
	Negative	204	46.90
	Unknown	14	3.22
Presence of <15 children in the family	Yes	313	64.80
	No	170	35.20
HIV status of the <15 children	Positive	47	15.06
	Negative	240	76.92
	Unknown	25	8.01

Figure 3 Magnitude of same-day ART initiation among HIV-positive people on ART at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2021.

Table 5 Bivariable and Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with the Same-Day ART Initiation Among HIV-Positive People Who Initiated ART at Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia, 2021

Variables	Category	Same Day ARTI		COR/CI	AOR/CI	P-value
		Yes	No
Sex	Male	128	90	1
	Female	188	77	1.71(1.17–2.51)	1.27(0.81–1.98)	0.289
Residence	Urban	295	124	4.87(2.77–8.54)	3.93(1.96–7.87)	0.000*
	Rural	21	43	1
Presence of OIs	Yes	13	26	1
	No	303	141	4.29(2.14–8.61)	4.02(1.54–10.47)	0.004*
Screened for TB	Yes	297	163	1
	No	19	4	2.61(0.87–7.79)	6.02(1.71–21.15)	0.005*
HIV test approach	VCT	248	101	2.38(1.58–3.59)	2.32(1.37–3.26)	0.002*
	PITC	68	66	1
Used CPT	Yes	181	121	1
	No	135	46	1.96(1.30–2.94)	1.88(1.10–3.23)	0.02*
Used IPT	Yes	265	158	1
	No	51	9	3.37(1.61–7.04)	2.36(1.0–5.57)	0.05
Year HIV test was done	2016	46	27	1
	2017	67	53	0.74(0.40–1.34)	0.88(0.44–1.75)	0.719
	2018	86	46	1.09(0.60–1.98)	1.32(0.65–2.66)	0.436
	2019	58	10	3.40(1.49–7.74)	3.28(1.19–9.00)	0.021*
	2020	90	31	1.11(0.58–2.12)	2.37(1.08–5.518)	0.03*
Regular partner	Yes	158	9	1
	No	278	38	2.39(1.13–5.09)	1.78(0.69–4.57)	0.226
BMI	≥25 kg/m^2	67	22	2.09(1.12–3.900)	2.18(1.05–4.52)	0.036*
	18–24.99 kg/m^2	188	103	1.25(0.79–1.99)	1.44(0.83–2.48)	0.184
	≤17.99 kg/m^2	61	42	1

Note: *Significantly associated.

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass Index; OIs, opportunistic infection; TB, tuberculosis; ARTI, antiretroviral therapy initiation; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AOD, adjusted odds ratio.