Non-Disclosure of HIV-Positive Serostatus: Unmatched Case–Control Study in People Living with HIV in Public Health Facilities of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondent Among HIV Infected Patients Attending in ART Clinics of Public Health Facilities, in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2022

Variables	Cases (n=89) Frequency (%)	Controls (n=271) Frequency (%)
Age
20–30 year	30 (33.7%)	82 (30.3%)
31–40 year	36 (40.4%)	119 (43.9%)
41 and above	23 (25.8%)	70 (25.9%)
Sex
Male	30 (33.7%)	155 (57.2%)
Female	59 (66.3%)	116 (42.8%)
Educational status
Illiterate	16 (18%)	38 (14%)
Primary	21 (23%)	87 (32.1%)
Secondary	20 (22.5%)	71 (26.2%)
College and above	32 (36%)	75 (27.7%)
Occupational status
Farmer	5 (5.6%)	33 (12.2%)
Governmental employee	27 (30.3%)	89 (32.8%)
Private employee	17 (19.1%)	49 (18.5%)
Merchant	14 (15.7%)	38 (14%)
Daily labourer	5 (5.6%)	36 (13.3%)
Other*	21 (23.6%)	26 (9.6%)
Marital status
Single	7 (7.9%)	18 (6.6%)
Married	59 (66.3%)	227 (83.8%)
Divorced	13 (14.6%)	13 (4.8%)
Widowed	10 (11.2%)	13 (4.8%)
Residence
Rural	68 (76.4%)	73 (26.9%)
Urban	21 (23.6%)	198 (73.1%)
Wealth index
Poorest	39 (43.8%)	51 (18.8%)
Poor	21 (23.6%)	67 (24.7%)
Rich	16 (18%)	77 (28.4%)
Richest	13 (14.6%)	76 (28%)

Note: *Other- student and sex worker.

Table 2 Health-Related Characteristics of Respondent Among HIV Infected Patients Attending in ART Clinics of Public Health Facilities, in Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2022

Variables	Cases (n=89) Frequency (%)	Controls (n=271) Frequency (%)
WHO clinical stage of disease
Stage 1	33 (37.1%)	60 (22.1%)
Stage 2	19 (21.3%)	53 (19.6%)
Stage 3	25 (28.1%)	78 (28.8%)
Stage 4	12 (13.5%)	80 (29.5%)
Duration on ART follow up care
Less than three year	39 (43.8%)	92 (33.9%)
3–5 year	19 (21.3%)	65 (24%)
Above 6 year	31 (34.8%)	114 (42.1%)
Recent CD4 Count
< 200 cell/mines	10 (11.2%)	86 (31.7%)
200–499 cell/mines	46 (51.7%)	35 (12.9%)
>500 cell/mines	32 (36%)	135 (49.8%)
Viral load
Suppressed*a	10 (11.2%)	84 (31%)
Not –supressed	79 (88.8%)	187 (69%)
To whom disclosed
To my partner/husband		156 (57.6%)
To other person		115 (42.4%)
Discuss about HIV related issue with partner
Yes	28 (31.5%)	182 (67.2%)
No	61 (68.5%)	89 (32.8%)
Do you advised by health provider to disclose sero-status
Yes	72 (80.9%)	244 (90%)
No	17 (19.1%)	27 (10%)
Condom use after HIV diagnosis
Always	48 (53.9%)	109 (40.2%)
Most of the time	18 (20.2%)	35 (12.9%)
Sometime	13 (14.6%)	56 (20.7%)
Never	10 (11.2%)	71 (26.2%)
Do you know partner HIV status
Yes	66 (74.2%)	231 (85.2%)
No	23 (25.8%)	39 (14.4%)
Partner HIV status
Positive	53 (59.6%)	161 (59.4%)
Negative	13 (14.6%)	73 (26.9%)
Number of life time sexual partner
One	18 (20.2%)	130 (48%)
More than one	71 (79.8%)	141 (52%)
Being a member of HIV support group
Yes	12 (13.5%)	126 (46.5%)
No	77 (86.5%)	145 (53.5%)

Notes: *a (Viral load suppressed) = Viral load < 200 copies/mµl.

Figure 1 Reasons for non-disclosure HIV positive serostatus to partner/parent/families among HIV-infected patients attending in ART clinics of public health facilities, in Gedeo Zone, Southern-Ethiopia, 2022.

Table 3 Bivariate and Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis on Non-Disclosure of HIV Positive Sero Status Among Plhiv, in Public Health Facilities of Gedeo Zone, Southern Ethiopia, 2022

Variable	Case (n=89) Frequency	Control (n=271) Frequency	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
Age of respondents
20–30 year	30	82	1	1
31–40 year	36	119	0.68 (0.39–1.20)	1.33 (0.16–11.1)	0.19
41–50 year	18	62	0.72 (0.37–1.39)	0.67 (0.20–1.83)	0.33
51 and above	5	8	1.55 (0.47–5.09)	0.57 (0.27–1.20)	0.46
Sex
Male	30	155	1	1
Female	59	116	2.62 (1.59–4.33)	2.80 (1.04–7.56)	0.041**
Residence
Rural	68	73	8.78 (5.02–15.3)	3.52 (2.83–9.39)	0.0001***
Urban	21	198	1	1
Marital status
Single	7	18	1	1
Married	59	227	0.50 (0.15–1.68)	1.13 (0.12–10.30)	0.91
Divorced	13	13	0.33 (0.14–0.80)	0.23 (0.03–1.52)	0.13
Widowed	10	13	1.97 (0.42–0.01)	0.85 (0.09–7.72)	0.89
Wealth index
Poorest	39	51	4.47 (2.17–9.19)	1.57 (0.73–3.39)	0.24
Poor	21	67	1.83 (0.85–3.94)	0.90 (0.45–1.79)	0.77
Rich	16	77	1.21 (0.54–2.69)	1.69 (0.88–3.322)	0.11
Richest	13	76	1	1
WHO stage of the disease
Stage 1	33	60	3.66 (1.74–7.69)	4.68 (1.9–22.15)	0.003**
Stage 2	19	53	2.39 (1.07–5.32)	1.76 (0.37–8.42)	0.473
Stage 3	25	78	2.13 (1.0–4.54)	0.85 (0.50–1.44)	0.63
Stage 4	12	80	1	1
Duration on ART
Less than 3 year	39	92	1.55 (1.36–3.4)	4.21 (1.65–10.73)	0.003**
3–5 year	19	65	0.64 (0.37–1.10)	1.98 (0.57–6.80)	0.278
Above 6 year	31	114	1	1
Partner HIV status
Positive	53	161	1
Negative	13	73	0.54 (0.138–0.22)	0.48 (0.18–1.24)	0.132
Number of life time sexual partner
One	18	130	1
More than one	71	141	3.63 (2.05–6.45)	6.9 (1.86–26.3)	0.004**
Being member of HIV support group
Yes	12	126	1	1
No	77	145	5.57 (2.9–0.71)	1.12 (0.48–2.57)	0.785

Notes: **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, Bolded Text: Specifies the significant factors at different P value.

Abbreviation: ART, Anti-retrieval viral therapy.