Unsafe Infant Feeding Practice and Associated Factors Among HIV Positive Mothers Attending PMTCT in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Figure 1 Sampling Procedure of a study on infant feeding practices of HIV positive mothers attending PMTCT services in selected governmental hospitals in Afar regional state, Ethiopia, 2022.

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics of HIV Positive Mothers Attending PMTCT at Selected Governmental Hospitals in Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, 2022 [N = 423]

Variables	Category	Frequency	Percent
Age of mother in years	15–24	114	27.0
	25–34	296	70.0
	35–44	13	3.0
Age of child in months	0–6	134	31.7
	7–12	289	68.3
Marital status	Single	87	20.6
	Married	324	76.6
	Divorced	12	2.8
Educational status	Illiterate	130	30.7
	Grade 1–8	150	35.5
	Grade 9–10	101	23.9
	Grade 10+	42	9.9
Husband educational status (n=324)	Illiterate	12	3.7
	Grade 1-8	94	29
	Grade 9–10	62	19.2
	Above grade 10	156	48.1
Religion	Muslim	237	56.0
	Orthodox	131	31.0
	Protestant	54	12.8
	Catholic	1	0.2
Ethnicity	Afar	238	56.3
	Amhara	95	22.4
	Tigre	80	18.9
	Oromo	10	2.4
Occupation	Government employee	60	14.2
	Private employee	206	48.7
	House wife	141	33.3
	Student	16	3.8
Husband’s occupation (n=324)	Government employee	163	50.3
	Private employee	87	26.9
	Daily laborer	4	1.2
	Merchant	70	21.6
Family monthly income in Ethiopian birr	<1500	75	17.7
	1501–3000	141	33.3
	3001–4500	126	29.8
	4501–6000	62	14.7
	>6000	19	4.5

Table 2 Maternal-Related Factors of HIV Positive Mothers Attending PMTCT at Selected Governmental Hospitals in Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, 2022 [N = 423]

Variable	Category	Frequency	Percent
ANC follow up	Yes	254	60
	No	169	40
Number of visit (n=254)	One	146	57.5
	Two	45	17.7
	Three	44	17.3
	Four	19	7.5
Place of birth	Health institution	420	99.3
	Home	3	0.7
Type of delivery	Spontaneous vaginal delivery	335	79.2
	Cesarean section	72	17.0
	Instrumental	16	3.8
PNC follow up	Yes	307	72.6
	No	116	27.4
ART follow up	Yes	240	56.7
	No	183	43.3
Disclosure of HIV status	Yes	272	64.3
	No	151	35.7

Table 3 Health Condition of Mother and Infant Among HIV Positive Mothers Attending PMTCT at Selected Governmental Hospitals in Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, 2022 [N = 423]

Variable	Category	Frequency	Percent
Breast problem	Yes	173	40.9
	No	250	59.1
Type of problems ever encountered (n=173)	Engorgement	94	54.3
	Sore nipples	55	31.8
	Cracked nipples	24	13.9
Infant’s mouth ulcer	Yes	71	16.8
	No	352	83.2

Figure 2 Counseling practice of health workers on infant feeding options among HIV positive mothers attending PMTCT at selected governmental hospitals in Afar regional state, Ethiopia, 2022 [n= 423].

Figure 3 Level of infant feeding practices among HIV positive mothers attending PMTCT at selected governmental hospitals in Afar regional state, Ethiopia, 2022 [n= 423].

Table 4 Bivariable and Multivariable Logistic Regression of Factors Associated with Unsafe Infant Feeding Practice Among HIV Positive Mothers Attending PMTCT at Selected Governmental Hospitals in Afar Regional State, Ethiopia, 2022 [N = 423]

Variables	Category	Infant Feeding Practice		COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	p-value
		Unsafe	Safe
Maternal educational level	Illiterate	50 (38.5%)	80 (61.5%)	1.00
	Grade 1–8	55 (36%)	95 (64%)	0.930 (0.571–1.513)	1.059 (0.628–1.786)	0.830
	Grade 9–10	46 (44.6%)	55 (55.4%)	1.328 (0.783–2.254)	1.385 (0.779–2.462)	0.268
	Grade 10+	5 (11.9%)	37 (88.1%)	0.223 (0.082–0.607)*	0.487 (0.170–1.395)	0.180
ANC follow up	Yes	69 (27.2%)	185 (72.8%)	1.00
	No	84 (49.7%)	85 (50.3%)	2.650 (0.1.760–3.989)*	1.126 (0.640–1.981)	0.682
PNC follow up	Yes	93 (30.3%)	214 (69.7%)	1.00
	No	60 (51.7%)	56 (48.3%)	2.465 (1.591–3.821)*	1.814 (1.127–2.919)**	0.014
ART follow up	Yes	60 (25%)	180 (75%)	1.00
	No	93(50.8%)	90 (49.2%)	3.100(2.054–4.678)*	1.987 (1.128–3.501)**	0.017
Disclosure of HIV status	Yes	70 (25.7%)	202 (74.3%)	1.00
	No	81 (53.6%)	70 (46.4%)	3.364(2.212–5.116)*	2.324 (1.470–3.673)**	0.001
Counseling about different feeding options	Yes	103 (32.4%)	215(67.6%)	1.00
	No	50 (47.6%)	55(52.4%)	1.800(1.149–2.822)*	1.554 (0.944–2.560)	0.083

Notes: Significant at *p < 0.25 and **p < 0.05, Bold value refers to statistically significant level.