Dyslipidemia and Nutritional Status of HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents on Antiretroviral Treatment at the Comprehensive Chronic Care and Training Center of Jimma Medical Center

Figures & data

Figure 1 Flow chart that shows sampling process.

Table 1 Socioeconomic and Demographic Characteristics, Immunologic Markers, HAART Regimen and Health Status Characteristics of Children and Adolescents on ART Follow-Up at JMC, 2022

Characteristics	N (%)	Characteristics	N (%)
Sex		Recent viral load copies/ mL
Male	77 (51.3)	<400 copies/mL	139 (92.7)
Female	73 (48.7)	400–1000 copies/mL	11 (7.3)
Age in number (mean/SD)	14.78 (3.18)	>1000 copies/mL	0
Residence		Mode of transmission
Urban	124 (82.7)	Horizontal	0
Rural	26 (17.3)	Vertical	150 (100)
Family occupation		Treatment adherence
Farmer	36 (24)	Poor	12 (8)
Merchant	32 (21.3)	Fair (<95%)	22 (14.7)
Government employee	39 (26)	Good (≥95%)	116 (77.3)
Others	35 (23.3)	WHO clinical stage
No parents/unknown	8 (5.3)	I	142 (94.7)
Parents’ educational status		II	8 (5.3)
Illiterate	16 (10.7)	HAART regimen
Write and read	18 (12.0)	TDF+3TC+DTG	103 (68.7)
Primary	62 (41.3)	ABC+3TC+DTG	9 (6)
Secondary	36 (24)	TDF+3TC+ATV/r	24 (16)
Certificate and above 12	10 (6.7)	ABC+3TC+LTV/r	8 (5.3)
No parents	8 (5.3)	AZT+3TC+DTG	6 (4)
Parents’ economic status		Months on treatment (mean/SD)	150 (34.86)
Low average	40 (26.7)	Baseline CD4+ (mean/SD) (n=127)	882.12 (454.1)
Middle average	82 (54.7)	Current CD4+ (median/IQ) (n=65)	1001.67 (830)
High average	20 (13.3)
No parents	8 (5.3)

Notes: All values are n (%) unless specified; n number of participants.

Table 2 Anthropometric Characteristics of Children and Adolescents on ART Follow-Up at JMC 2022

Anthropometric characteristics	N (%)
Stature (height) for age %
<5%	81 (54)
≥5–85%	69 (46)
Weight for age %
<5%	65 (43.3)
≥5–85%	85 (57.7)
BMI for age %
<5%	45 (30)
≥5–85%	97 (64.7)
≥85–95%	3 (2)
≥95%	5 (3.3)

Figure 2 Lipid profile status of children and adolescents according to the treatment regimen used at JMC, 2022.

Table 3 Anthropometric, Gender and Regimen Mean Differences in Children and Adolescents on HAART by Lipid Profile Level at JMC, 2022

Characteristics	Mean HDL-C mg/dl	p-value	Mean triglyceride mg/dl	p-value
Stature (height) for age percentile^a
<5%	26.8	0.172**	108.7	0.292**
≥5–85%	28.7		100.2
Weight for age percentile^a
<5%	29	0.078**	91.4	0.02**
≥5–85%	26.6		114.7
BMI for age percentile^b
<5%	28.7	0.308	93.2	0.088
≥5–85%	27.3	0.308	107.8	0.088
≥85–95%	1	<0.001*	201.1	0.02*
Gender^b
Male	21.5	0.85	98.8	0.84
Female	27.8		111
HAART regimen^b
TDF+3TC+DTG	28.3	0.11	106	0.126
ABC+3TC+DTG	24	0.11	80.8	0.126
TDF+3TC+ATV/r	21.2	<0.001*	115.8	0.414
ABC+3TC+LTV/r	35.6	0.012	94.6	0.495
AZT+3TC+DTG	36	0.02	75.1	0.123

Notes: ^aIndependent sample t-test, ^bpost hoc test. **P-value of unequal variance by independent sample t-test. *Statistically significant b/n groups.

Abbreviation: HAART, Highly active antiretroviral treatment.

Table 4 Multivariable Logistic Regression: Association of Independent Variables with Abnormal Lipid Level for HDL-C and Triglyceride and Non-Dyslipidemia

Variables	HDL-C ≤ 35mg/dl			TG ≥130mg/dl			Dyslipidemia
							Yes			No
	AOR	X^2	P-value	AOR	X^2	P-value	AOR	X^2	P-value	AOR	X^2	P-value
Treatment duration
≥ 150 months	0.35	0.92	0.33	1.02	10.28	0.01	0.35	0.92	0.37	NA	NA	NA
≤150 months (R)
BMI for age
BMI for age <5%	2.02	5.88	0.015	1.86	4.23	0.04	2.0	5.8	0.015	NA	NA	NA
BMI for age ≥ 5% (R)
Parent’s education level
Secondary education	0.9	6.4	0.01	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	7.3	4.9	0.027
Certificate and above 12	0.53	0.4	0.52	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	9.5	5.15	0.023
Illiterate (R)

Notes: Non-dyslipidemia: when all of HDL- triglyceride, LDL- or total cholesterol within reference range.

Abbreviations: HDL-C, high density cholesterol; TG, triglyceride; AOR, adjusted odd ratio; X², chi-square; BMI AZ, body mass index for age z-score; NA, not applicable; R, reference category.