Determinants of Loss to Follow Up Among Adult People Living with HIV Enrolled in Antiretroviral Therapy in West Wollega Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Loss to Follow Up Among Adult People Living with HIV Enrolled in Antiretroviral Therapy in West Wollega Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia 2021

Variable	Category	Cases	Controls	Total (%)
		Frequency/%	Frequency/%
Sex	Male	82(61.7)	88(33.1)	170(47.4)
	Female	51(38.3)	178(66.9)	229(52.6)
Age	15–24	27(20.3)	59(22.2)	86(21.25)
	25–34	63(47.4)	98(36.8)	161(42.1)
	35–44	32(24.1)	57(21.4)	89(22.75)
	≥45	11(8.3)	52(19.5)	63(13.9)
Residence	Rural	105(78.9)	119(44.7)	224(61.35)
	Urban	28(21.1)	147(55.3)	175(38.2)
Marital status	Unmarried	67(50.4)	80(30.1)	147(40.25)
	Married	46(34.6)	129(48.5)	175(41.55)
	Divorced	14(10.5)	49(18.4)	69(14.2)
	Widowed	6(4.50)	8(3)	14(3.75)
Religion	Muslim	31(23.3)	39(14.7)	70(19)
	Orthodox	41(30.8)	119(44.7)	160(37.75)
	Protestant	56(42.1)	92(34.6)	148(38.35)
	Catholic	3(2.3)	14(5.3)	16(3.8)
	Wakefata	2(1.5)	2(0.8)	4(1.15)
Educational status	No Formal Education	78(58.6)	23(8.6)	101(33.6)
	Primary	29(21.8)	111(41.7)	140(31.75)
	Secondary	11(8.3)	68(25.6)	57(16.95)
	Tertiary	15(11.3)	64(24.1)	79(17.7)
Occupation	Farmer	12(9)	44(16.5)	56(12.75)
	Merchant	17(12.8)	70(26.3)	87(19.5)
	Governmental employment	8(6)	61(22)	69(15)
	NGO employment	4(3)	30(11.3)	34(7.15)
	Day laborer	83(62.4)	12(4.5)	56(12.75)
	Jobless	8(6)	22(8.3)	87(19.5)
	Driver	1(0.8)	27(10.2)	69(15)
HIV Sero status disclosure	No	99(74.4)	127(47.7)	226(61.05)
	Yes	34(25.6)	139(52.3)	173(38.95)

Table 2 Behavioral Related Factors of Loss to Follow Up Among Adult People Living with HIV Enrolled in Antiretroviral Therapy in West Wollega Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia 2021

Variable	Category	Cases	Controls	Total (%)
		Frequency/%	Frequency/%
Alcohol Use	Yes	47 (35.3)	84(31.6)	131(33.3)
	No	86(64.7)	182(68.4)	268(66.7)
Smoking Status	Yes	42(31.5)	62(23.3)	104(27.4)
	No	91(68.5)	204(76.7)	295(72.6)
Chewing Khat	Yes	53(39.8)	76(28.6)	129(34.2)
	No	80(60.2)	190(71.4)	270(65.8)

Table 3 Clinical Related Characteristics on Loss to Follow Up Among Adult People Living with HIV Enrolled in Antiretroviral Therapy in West Wollega Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia 2021

Variables	Category	Cases	Control	Total (%)
		Frequency (%)	Frequency (%)
Current CD4	≤200	2(1.5)	22(8.3)	24(4.9)
	201–350	17(12.8)	32(12)	49(12.4)
	≥350	114 (85.7)	212(79.7)	326(82.7)
Base line CD4	<350	89 (66.9)	50/18.8	139(42.85)
	≥350	44(33.1)	216(81.2)	260(57.15)
Height in Cm	150–160	24(18)	138(51.9)	162(34.95)
	161–170	56(42.1)	77(28.9)	133(35.5)
	≥170	53(39.8)	51(19.2)	104(29.5)
Base line Hgb count	≤11	17(12.8)	74(27.8)	91(20.3)
	>11	116(87.2)	192(72)	308(79.6)
Base line Weight	≤50	27(20.3)	58(21.8)	85(21.05)
	50–70	103(77.4)	183(68.8)	286(73.1)
	≥70	3(2.3)	25(9.4)	28(5.85)
Current Weight	≤50	36(27.1)	47(17.7)	83(22.4)
	50–70	94(70.7)	191(71.8)	285(71.25)
	≥70	3(2.3)	28(10.5)	31(6.4)
Functional status of the pt.	Working	39(29.3)	256(96.2)	295(62.75)
	Ambulatory	84(63.2)	6(2.3)	90(32.75)
	Bedridden	10(7.5)	4(1.5)	14(4.5)
Current WHO stages	Stage I and II	37(27.8)	136(51.1)	173(39.5)
	Stage III and IV	96(72.2)	130(48.9)	226(60.5)
Opportunistic infections	Yes	62(46.6)	131(49.2)	193(47.9)
	No	71(53.4)	135(50.8)	206(52.1)
History of TB infection	+Ve	90(67.7)	43(32.3)	133(33.3)
	-Ve	99(37.3)	167(62.8)	266(66.7)
BMI	≤18	70(52.6)	25(9.4)	95(31)
	>18	63(47.4)	241(90.6)	304(69)

Abbreviations: WHO, World Health Organization; BMI, Body Mass Index.

Table 4 ART Related Factors of Loss to Follow up Among Adult People Living with HIV Enrolled in Antiretroviral Therapy in West Wollega Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia 2021

Variable	Category	Cases	Controls	Total
		Frequency (%)	Frequency (%)
Duration of ART Month	≤40	7(5.3)	156(58.6)	163(31.95)
	40–79	24(18)	69(25.9)	93(21.95)
	81–119	30(22.6)	26(9.8)	56(16.2)
	≥120	72(54.1)	15(5.6)	87(29.85)
Cotrimoxazole prophylaxis	Yes	41(30.8)	73(27.4)	114(29.1)
	No	92(69.2)	193(72.6)	285(70.9)
Current First line ART Regime	1e=TDF+3TC+EFV	97(72.9)	95(35.7)	192(54.3)
	1j=TDF+3TC+DTG	36(27.1)	171(64.3)	207(45.7)
History of side effect	Yes	62(46.6)	131(49.2)	193(47.9)
	No	71(53.4)	135(50.8)	206(52.1)

Notes: TDF+3TC+EFV, tenofovir + lamivudine + efavirenz; tenofovir + lamivudine + efavirenz; plus dolutegravir (DTG).

Table 5 Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis on Determinants of Loss to Follow Up Among Adult People Living with HIV Enrolled in Antiretroviral Therapy in West Wollega Public Hospitals, Oromia, Ethiopia 2021

Variable	Category	Cases	Controls	COR/CI	AOR/CI	P Values
		Frequency (%)	Frequency (%)
Residence	Rural	105(78.9)	119(44.7)	4.6(2.86,7.50)	3.46 (1.65,7.25)	0.001
	Urban	28(21.1)	147(55.3)	1
Sex	Male	82(61.7)	88(33.1)	3.25 (2.1,5.01)	2.65 (1.54,4.55)	0.02
	Female	51(38.3)	178(66.9)	1
Occupation	Driver	12(9)	44(16.5)	7. 36 (0.90,5.98)	3.07 (0.34,27.31)	0.07
	Merchant	17(12.8)	70(26.3)	6.55 (0.83, 51.70)	6.82 (0.82,56.74)	0.31
	Government employ	8(6)	61(22.9)	3.54 (0.42, 29.72)	4.48(0.48, 41.77)	0.18
	NGO employ	4(3)	30(11.3)	3.6(0.379,34.22)	4.20 (0.41, 42.69)	0.24
	Day laborer	83(62.4)	12(4.5)	10.68(2.32,15.14)	8.91 (10.29, 17.28)	0.01
	Jobless	8(6)	22(8.3)	9.818(1.13, 8.46)	5.56 (0.59,5.18)	0.13
	Farmers	1(0.8)	27(10.2)	1
Education	No formal education	78/58.6	23(8.6)	7.47(6.975,30.01)	4.35 (1.53, 12.43)	0.01
	Primary	29(21.8)	111(41.7)	1.115(0.556,2.234)	3.21 (0.02, 0.06)	0.05
	Secondary	11(8.3)	68(25.6)	0.690(0.295,1.614)	11.73 (5.10, 26.96)	0.89
	Tertiary	15(11.3)	64(24.1)	1
Base line CD4	≤350	89(66.9)	50(18.8)	8.73(5.43,14.04)	5.25 (1.93,14.24)	0.001
	≥350	44(33.1)	216(81.2)	1
Duration on ART	≤40 month	7(5.3)	156(58.6)	009(0.004,0.024)	0.03(0.31,0.7)	0.03
	41–79	24(18)	69(25.9)	0.72(0.035,0.150)	0.148(0.53, 0.412)	0.43
	80–119	30(22.6)	26(9.8)	0.240(0.112,0.517)	0.187(0.25,0.59)	0.02
	≥120	72(54.1)	15(5.6)	1
Functional Status	Good	39(29.3)	256(96.2)	1
	Fair	84(63.2)	6(2.3)	1.61(0.18,0.204)	0.203(0.33,1.26)	0.001
	Poor	10(7.5)	4(1.5)	5.6(1.34, 23.2)	4.29 (5.33,34.62)	0.01
Clinical WHO stages	Stage I & II	37(27.8)	136(51.1)	1
	Stage III & IV	96(72.2)	130(48.9)	2.48(1.58,3.88)	2.65 (1.68,4.19)	0.026
TB Co infection	Yes	90(67.7)	43(32.3)	3.531(2.27,5.48)	2.82 (1.11, 7.45)	0.036
	No	99(37.3)	167(62.8)	1
Base line BMI	≥18	70(52.6)	25(9.4)	3.711(6.28, 8.37)	2.75(1.82, 4.53)	0.043
	≤18	63(47.4)	241(90.6)	1
HIV Sero status disclosure	No	99(74.4)	127(47.7)	2.66 (1.68, 4.20)	3.28(1.52,13.19)	0.038
	Yes	34(25.6)	139(52.3)	1

Notes: P value<0.05.

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; WHO, World Health Organization; BMI, Body Mass Index, COR; Crude odds ratio, AOR; Adjusted Odds Ratio.