Time to Treatment Failure and Its Predictors Among Second-Line ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia: A Retrospective Follow-Up Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of ART Clients on Treatment at in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, January 30, 2016-January 30, 2021 (n = 860)

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent (%)
Sex	Male	449	52.21
	Female	411	47.79
Residence	Urban	715	83.13
	Rural	145	16.87
Marital status	Single	182	21.16
	Married	424	49.30
	Divorce	100	11.62
	Widowed	154	17.90
Educational status	Not being able to read and write	185	21.51
	Primary	212	24.65
	Secondary or above	463	53.84
Occupation	Daily labor	128	14.88
	Employed	322	37.45
	Farmer	95	11.05
	Housewife	92	10.70
	Merchant	133	15.46
	Other	90	10.64

Note: Other= Student, None Employees.

Table 2 Treatment and HIV/AIDS-Related Characteristics Among Second-Line ART Clients on Treatment in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, January 30, 2016-January 30, 2021

Variables	Categories	Frequency	Percent (%)
Adherence	Good	697	92.44
	Poor	57	7.56
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT)	Yes	734	85.35
	No	126	14.65
Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT)	Yes	765	88.95
	No	95	11.05
Second-line ART Regimen	AZT+3TC+LPV/r	36	4.19
	AZT+3TC+ATV/r	306	35.58
	TDF+3TC+LPV/r	25	2.90
	TDF+3TC+ATV/r	359	41.74
	ABC+3TC+LPV/r	21	2.44
	Other	99	11.51
Functional Status	Work	761	88.48
	Ambulate	96	11.16
	Bedridden	3	0.46

Abbreviations: AZT+3TC+LPV/r, Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Lopinavir/ritonavir; AZT+3TC+ATV/r, Zidovudine, Lamivudine, Atazanavir/ritonavir; TDF+3TC+LPV/r, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Lopinavir/ritonavir; TDF+3TC+ATV/r, Tenofovir, Lamivudine, Atazanavir/ritonavir; ABC+3TC+LPV/r, Abacavir, Lamivudine, Lopinavir/ritonavir; Other, other specify Including DTG/Dolutegravir.

Figure 1 Overall Kaplan-Meier estimate for second-line ART clients on treatment in Amhara region, Ethiopia.

Table 3 Summary of Model Comparisons for the Survival Sub-Models

Survival sub-models
Model	Weibull	Cox	Exponential	Log-logistic	Log-normal
AIC	635.77	322.78	666.72	636.56	641.13
BIC	721.00	398.33	747.21	7421.78	7426.35
Log-likelihood	−349.88	−145.35	−0.366.36	−350.28	−352.56

Abbreviations: AIC, Akaike information criteria; BIC, Bayesian information criteria.

Table 4 Factors Associated with Second-Line ART Treatment Failure Among ART Clients in Amhara Region, Ethiopia, January 30, 2016–January 30, 2021

Variables	Categories	Second-line ART Treatment Failure		AHR (95% CI)	P-value
		Censored	Event
Age	46 and above	287	6	1
	31 to 45 age	450	16	1.21 [0.81–1.74]	0.099
	15 to 30 age	42	59	2.01 [1.16–3.48]	0.000***
Sex	Female	388	23	1
	Male	391	58	0.92 [79–1.06]	0.265
Educational status	Secondary or above	440	23	1
	Primary	203	9	0.76 [0.46–1.81]	0.085
	Not being able to read and write	136	49	1.31 [1.06–1.61]	0.010**
Functional status	Ambulated	83	13	1
	Bedridden	3	0	0.50 [0.15–1.60]	0.245
	Work	698	68	0.80[0.63–1.02]	0.078
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT)	No	110	16	1
	Yes	671	65	1.19 [0.96–1.47]	0.098
Adherence	Good	657	40	1
	Poor	41	16	3.06 [1.84–5.09]	0.000***

Notes: ***Expressed as p-value <0.001, **p-value <0.01.

Abbreviation: AHR, adjusted hazard ratio.

Data Sharing Statement

All result-based data are available within the manuscript and supporting information. The dataset used for this analysis can be provided after a reasonable request of the corresponding author.