Predictors of HIV-test utilization in PMTCT among antenatal care attendees in government health centers: institution-based cross-sectional study using health belief model in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013

Figures & data

Figure 1 A schematic representation of sampling technique and sampling procedures.

Note: Study participants in Addis Ababa health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013.
Abbreviation: ANC, antenatal clinic.

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of pregnant women attending antenatal care in government health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013

Variables	Categories	PMTCT-HIV-test		Total percent
		Not utilized	Utilized
Age categories	16–20	13 (9.9%)	14 (8.2%)	27 (9.0%)
	21–25	27 (20.6%)	51 (30.0%)	78 (25.9%)
	26–30	26 (19.8%)	55 (32.4%)	81 (26.9%)
	31–35	27 (20.6%)	23 (13.5%)	50 (16.6%)
	>35	38 (29.0%)	27 (15.9%)	65 (21.6%)
Number of parity/birth	1	41 (31.3%)	80 (47.1%)	121 (40.2%)
	2–4	73 (55.7%)	77 (45.3%)	150 (49.8%)
	>4	17 (13.0%)	13 (7.6%)	30 (10.0%)
Gestational age/period	First trimester	38 (29.0%)	46 (27.1%)	84 (27.9%)
	Second trimester	52 (39.7%)	66 (38.8%)	118 (39.2%)
	Third trimester	41 (31.3%)	58 (34.1%)	99 (32.9%)
Marital status	Married	99 (75.6%)	143 (84.1%)	242 (80.4%)
	Single	15 (11.5%)	13 (7.6%)	28 (9.3%)
	Separated	3 (2.3%)	10 (5.9%)	13 (4.3%)
	Divorced	5 (3.8%)	3 (1.8%)	8 (2.7%)
	Widowed	9 (6.9%)	1 (0.6%)	10 (3.3%)
Ethnicity	Amhara	61 (46.6%)	89 (52.4%)	150 (49.8%)
	Oromo	29 (22.1%)	35 (20.6%)	64 (21.3%)
	Tigre	19 (14.5%)	16 (9.4%)	35 (11.6%)
	Gurage	11 (8.4%)	19 (11.2%)	30 (10.0%)
	Others	11 (8.4%)	11 (8.4%)	22 (7.30%)
Religion status	Orthodox	67 (51.1%)	112 (65.9%)	179 (59.5%)
	Protestant	25 (19.1%)	23 (13.5%)	48 (15.9%)
	Catholic	24 (18.3%)	15 (8.8%)	39 (13.0%)
	Muslims	15 (11.5%)	20 (11.2%)	35 (11.3%)
Income (Birr) status	<500	59 (45.0%)	66 (38.8%)	125 (41.5%)
	500–1,000	22 (16.8%)	25 (14.7%)	47 (15.6%)
	1,000–1,500	11 (8.4%)	27 (15.9%)	38 (12.6%)
	>1,500	39 (29.8%)	52 (30.6%)	91 (30.2%)
Knowledge level	Good	65 (49.6%)	88 (51.8%)	153 (50.8%)
	Poor	66 (50.4%)	82 (48.2%)	148 (49.2%)
Perceived net benefit	High	44 (33.6%)	95 (55.9%)	139 (46.2%)
	Low	87 (66.4%)	75 (44.1%)	162 (53.8%)
Perceived threat	High	58 (44.3%)	105 (61.8%)	169 (56.1%)
	Low	73 (55.7%)	65 (38.2%)	132 (43.9%)
Perceived self-efficacy	High	50 (38.2%)	103 (60.6%)	153 (50.8%)
	Low	81 (61.8%)	67 (39.4%)	148 (49.2%)
Cues to action	High	58 (44.3%)	87 (51.2%)	145 (48.2%)
	Low	73 (55.7%)	83 (48.8%)	156 (51.8%)

Abbreviation: PMTCT-HIV-test, prevention of mother-to-child transmission-human immunodeficiency virus test.

Table 2 Multivariate analyses on predictors of PMTCT-HIV-testing among pregnant women attending antenatal care in government health centers, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013

Variables	Categories	PMTCT not utilized	PMTCT utilized	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	P-value
Age categories	16–20	13 (9.9%)	14 (8.2%)	1.52 (0.62–3.74)	1.29 (0.39–4.23)	0.679
	21–25	27 (20.6%)	51 (30.0%)	2.66 (1.35–5.24)	2.43 (1.13–5.23)	0.023**
	26–30	26 (19.8%)	55 (32.4%)	5.87 (1.51–5.87)	2.3 (1.08–4.88)	0.03**
	31–35	27 (20.6%)	23 (13.5%)	2.52 (0.57–2.52)	1.22 (0.49–3.00)	0.669
	>35	38 (29.0%)	27 (15.9%)		1
Educational status	<6th grade	39 (47.0%)	44 (53.0%)	1	1
	7th–12th grade	59 (45.7%)	70 (54.3%)	1.05 (0.61–1.83)
	College/university	33 (37.1%)	56 (62.9%)	1.50 (0.812–2.76)
Marital status	Currently married	99 (40.9%)	143 (59.1%)	1	1
	Currently not married	32 (54.2%)	27 (45.8%)	0.58 (0.33–1.04)
Perceived net benefit	High	44 (33.6%)	95 (55.9%)	1	1
	Low	87 (66.4%)	75 (44.1%)	0.40 (0.25–0.64)	0.34 (0.19–0.58)	0.001**
Perceived threat	High	58 (44.3%)	105 (61.8%)	1	1
	Low	73 (55.7%)	65 (38.2%)	0.49 (0.31–0.78)	0.60 (0.33–1.06)
Perceived self-efficacy	High	50 (38.2%)	103 (60.6%)	1	1
	Low	81 (61.8%)	67 (39.4%)	0.40 (0.25–0.64)	1.90 (1.09–3.33)	0.024**
Cues to action	High	58 (44.3%)	87 (51.2%)	1.76 (0.48–1.20)	1.45 (0.86–2.46)
	Low	73 (55.7%)	83 (48.8%)	1	1

Notes:

** Significant at α<0.05; 1, reference category.

Abbreviations: PMTCT-HIV-testing, prevention of mother-to-child transmission-human immunodeficiency virus testing; PMTCT, prevention of mother-to-child transmission; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.