Factors associated with HIV counseling and testing and correlations with sexual behavior of teachers in primary and secondary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic characteristics of study participants from primary and secondary schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March to June 2013

Variable	Overall n=1,041	Primary school		Secondary school		χ^2 test P-values
	n (%)	n	%	n	%
Sex
Male	684 (66.2)	280	54.4	404	77.8	0.000
Female	350 (33.8)	235	45.6	115	22.2
Age, years
18–24	208 (21.3)	153	31.6	55	11.2	0.000
25–34	552 (56.6)	235	48.6	317	64.4
35–44	95 (9.7)	39	8.1	56	11.4
≥45	121 (12.4)	57	11.8	64	13.0
Religion
Orthodox	762 (73.7)	405	78.6	357	68.8	0.001
Protestant	165 (16.0)	68	13.2	97	18.7
Muslim or other	107 (10.3)	42	8.2	65	12.5
Ethnicity
Amhara	572 (55.3)	309	60.0	263	50.7	0.008
Oromo	236 (22.8)	97	18.8	139	26.8
Tigrie	110 (10.6)	55	10.7	55	10.6
Other	116 (11.2)	54	10.5	62	11.9
Marital status
Single	662 (64.0)	332	64.5	330	63.6	0.60
Married	335 (32.4)	162	31.5	173	33.3
Other	37 (3.6)	21	4.1	16	3.1
Educational status
Diploma and below	342 (33.1)	325	63.2	17	3.3	0.000
First degree	642 (62.1)	188	36.6	454	87.5
Second degree and above	49 (4.7)	1	0.2	48	9.2
Teaching experience, years
≤5	111 (10.8)	69	13.5	42	8.1	0.000
6–10	398 (38.7)	205	40.0	193	37.4
11–20	267 (26.0)	139	27.1	128	24.8
≥21	252 (24.5)	99	19.3	153	29.7
Monthly salary/income, birr
≤1,500	178 (20.6)	147	35.0	31	7.0	0.000
1,501–2,500	516 (59.6)	232	55.2	284	63.7
2,501–3,500	112 (12.9)	35	8.3	77	17.3
≥3,501 birr	60 (6.9)	6	1.4	54	12.1
Ever tested for HIV
Yes	739 (71.7)	381	74.3	358	69.2	0.07
No	291 (28.3)	132	25.7	159	30.8
Not ever tested, intention to test
Yes	134 (46.5)	57	44.2	77	48.4	0.68
No	154 (53.5)	72	55.8	82	51.6

Table 2 Factors independently associated with HCT in primary and secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, March to June 2013

Factor	Ever tested for HIV n=1,034				Willing to go for HCT in next 2 months n=293
	Yes n (%)	No n (%)	COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI	Yes n (%)	No n (%)	COR 95% CI	AOR 95% CI
Schooling
Primary	381 (74.3)	132 (25.7)	1	1	57 (44.2)	72 (55.8)	1	1
Secondary	358 (69.2)	159 (30.8)	1.28 (0.98–1.68)	1.09 (0.80–1.50)	77 (48.4)	82 (51.6)	0.84 (0.53–1.34)	0.73 (0.39–1.35)
Sex
Female	277 (78.5)	76 (21.5)	1	1	41 (56.2)	32 (43.8)	1	1
Male	467 (68.3)	217 (31.7)	0.59 (0.48–0.80)	0.63 (0.44–0.90)	94 (43.3)	123 (56.7)	0.60 (0.35–1.01)	0.44 (0.22–0.90)
Age, years
18–24	149 (72.0)	58 (28.0)	1	1	27 (46.6)	31 (553.4)	1	1
25–34	411 (74.3)	142 (25.7)	0.89 (0.62–1.27)	0.93 (0.61–1.41)	71 (50.7)	69 (49.3)	0.85 (0.46–1.56)	0.97 (0.44–2.17)
35–44	72 (74.2)	25 (25.8)	0.89 (0.52–1.54)	1.22 (0.57–2.62)	8 (32.0)	17 (68.0)	1.85 (0.69–4.96)	1.1 (0.28–4.31)
≥45	73 (59.8)	49 (40.2)	0.52 (0.29–0.93)	4.05 (1.82–9.03)	22 (45.8)	26 (54.2)	1.03 (0.48–2.22)	0.54 (0.12–2.57)
Religion
Orthodox	539 (70.8)	222 (29.2)	1	1	108 (49.3)	111 (50.7)	1	1
Protestant	124 (73.8)	44 (26.2)	0.86 (0.59–1.26)	0.86 (0.57–1.31)	20 (45.5)	24 (54.5)	1.17 (0.61–2.24)	1.12 (0.46–2.71)
Muslim or other	81 (75.0)	27 (25.0)	0.81 (0.51–1.29)	0.67 (0.40–1.13)	7 (25.9)	20 (74.1)	2.78 (1.13–6.84)	2.57 (0.81–8.16)
Marital status
Single	446 (67.4)	216 (32.6)	1	1	102 (47.2)	114 (52.8)	1	1
Married	268 (79.3)	70 (20.7)	0.54 (0.40–0.74)	0.30 (0.19–0.47)	30 (43.8)	37 (55.2)	1.10 (0.64–1.91)	0.82 (0.29–2.29)
Other	30 (81.1)	7 (18.9)	0.48 (0.21–1.11)	0.22 (0.07–0.63)	3 (42.9)	4 (57.1)	1.19 (0.26–5.46)	1.17 (0.13–10.33)
Work experience, years
≤5	86 (77.5)	25 (22.5)	1		7 (28.0)	18 (72.0)	1
6–10	282 (71.2)	114 (28.8)	1.39 (0.85–2.28)	1.54 (0.90–2.63)	63 (55.8)	50 (44.2)	0.31 (0.12–0.80)	0.35 (0.11–1.07)
11–20	199 (74.5)	68 (25.5)	1.18 (0.70–1.98)	1.52 (0.84–2.74)	31 (46.3)	36 (53.7)	0.45 (0.17–1.22)	0.55 (0.17–1.86)
≥21	169 (66.8)	84 (33.2)	1.71 (1.02–2.87)	1.68 (0.77–3.67)	33 (39.8)	50 (60.2)	0.59 (0.22–1.57)	1.03 (0.23–4.67)
Knowledge of HIV/AIDS
Low	4 (6672)	2 (33.3)	1	1	1 (50.0)	1 (50.0)	1	1
High	740 (71.8)	291 (28.2)	1.27 (0.23–6.98)	0.29 (0.03–3.11)	134 (46.5)	154 (53.7)	0.87 (0.05–14.03)
Knowledge of HCT
Low	18 (46.2)	21 (53.8)	1	1	125 (46.6)	143 (53.4)	1	1
High	726 (72.7)	272 (27.3)	3.11 (1.63–5.93)	3.56 (1.73–7.32)	10 (45.5)	12 (54.5)	1.05 (0.44–2.51)	1.36 (0.47–3.96)
Perceived risk of HIV
No	456 (70.0)	195 (30.0)	1	1	94 (48.5)	100 (51.5)	1	1
Yes	279 (74.6)	95 (25.4)	1.26 (0.94–1.67)	1.43 (1.04–1.96)	40 (43.0)	53 (57.0)	0.80 (0.49–1.32)	1.01 (0.54–1.90)
Fear of stigma, discrimination
No					47 (57.3)	35 (42.7)	1	1
Yes					73 (44.2)	92 (55.8)	0.59 (0.35–1.0)	0.89 (0.43–1.86)
Fear of confidentiality
No					40 (67.8)	19 (32.2)	1	1
Yes					84 (43.3)	110 (56.7)	0.36 (0.20–0.67)	0.51 (023–1.12)

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; COR, crude odds ratio; HCT, HIV counseling and testing.

Table 3 Correlation between HCT uptake and sexual behavior of primary and secondary school teachers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2013 (n=739)

Factors	Multiple sexual partners in previous 12 months n (%)			Consistent condom use in previous 12 months n (%)
	Yes	No	AOR 95% CI	Yes	No	AOR 95% CI
Ever had HCT
Yes	81 (18.8)	351 (81.3)	1	117 (27.3)	311 (72.7)	0.55 (0.32–0.96)
No	44 (31.2)	97 (68.8)	1.85 (1.08–3.15)	64 (45.4)	77 (54.6)	1
Sex
Female	18 (9.9)	163 (90.1)	0.42 (0.21–0.84)	27 (15.2)	151 (84.8)	1
Male	108 (27.5)	285 (72.5)	1	154 (39.5)	238 (60.7)	2.33 (1.2–4.39)
Age, years
18–24	24 (30.4)	55 (69.6)	1	31 (39.2)	48 (60.8)	1
25–34	71 (23.3)	234 (76.7)	0.59 (0.31–1.12)	127 (41.1)	182 (58.9)	0.69 (0.36–1.32)
35–44	10 (15.4)	55 (84.6)	0.47 (0.15–1.46)	8 (12.5)	56 (87.5)	2.01 (0.61–6.57)
≥45	8 (8.6)	85 (91.4)	0.33 (1.0–1.15)	12 (13.5)	77 (86.5)	0.85 (0.26–2.76)
Religion
Orthodox	96 (22.4)	332 (77.6)	1	149 (34.7)	280 (65.3)	1
Protestant	15 (16.5)	76 (83.5)	1.08 (0.52–2.23)	21 (24.1)	66 (75.9)	1.09 (0.53–2.24)
Muslim or other	15 (27.3)	40 (72.7)	1.64 (0.75–3.58)	11 (20.4)	43 (79.6)	1.83 (0.79–4.24)
Marital status
Single	90 (35.0)	167 (65.0)	1	149 (57.8)	109 (42.2)	11.02 (5.99–20.27)
Married	30 (10.0)	269 (90.0)	0.34 (0.18–0.63)	27 (9.2)	267 (90.8)	1
Other	6 (33.3)	12 (66.7)	2.0 (0.49–8.27)	5 (27.8)	13 (72.2)	3.53 (0.79–15.76)
Monthly income, birr
≤1,500	19 (21.6)	69 (78.4)	1	36 (40.9)	52 (59.1)	1
1,501–2,500	72 (26.2)	203 (73.8)	1.43 (0.72–2.87)	101 (36.7)	174 (63.3)	1.17 (0.61–2.26)
2,501–3,500	13 (17.8)	60 (82.2)	1.73 (0.59–5.09)	18 (24.7)	55 (75.3)	0.70 (0.25–1.94)
≥3,501	5 (9.4)	48 (90.6)	1.09 (0.26–4.62)	7 (13.5)	45 (86.5)	1.47 (0.37–5.78)
Attitude toward “ABC” rules
Positive	120 (21.5)	439 (78.5)	1		376 (67.9)	1
Negative	6 (40.0)	9 (60.0)	1.80 (0.40–8.12)	3 (18.8)	13 (81.3)	3.32 (0.59–18.67)
Schooling
Primary	58 (22.1)	205 (77.9)	1	79 (30.6)	179 (69.4)	1
Secondary	68 (22.1)	239 (77.9)	0.86 (0.50–1.46)	101 (32.7)	208 (67.3)	1.03 (0.61–1.75)

Abbreviations: AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; HCT, HIV counseling and testing.