Biomarkers for primary biliary cholangitis: current perspectives

Figures & data

Table 1 Main studies of biomarkers in PBC

Diagnosis	Biomarker	No. of patients and studies	Sensitivity (%)	Specificity (%)	AUC
Hua et al^Citation9	AMA/M2	24 studies Meta-analysis	84.5	98	0.97
Han et al^Citation10	AMA IF 1/40	79	88.6	87
	IF 1/80		80	93.5
	4 commercial tests		83.5	90.7
Lu et al^Citation11	M2 saliva Only in AMA + patients	49	81.8	80	0.88
Hua et al^Citation9	ANA gp210	25 studies	27	98.5	0.53
	sp100	21 studies 13,000 patients	23	97.7	0.32
de Liso et al^Citation30	gp210	Eight studies	38	90
	sp100	AMA-negative	42	91
	Anti-KLHL1/HK1	patients	25	86–96
Hao et al^Citation34	Metabolomics Glucose, fatty acids, amino acids	51	80	90	0.93
Tan et al^Citation43	miRNAs	82	80.5	88	0.905
	miR-122-5p miR-141-3p		Increased
Katsumi et al^Citation42	miR-139-5p	45 45	Decreased in advanced disease
Prognosis			Hazard ratio
Wesierska-Gadek et al^Citation60	Anti-NCP (gp210)	127	3.4
Miyachi et al^Citation64	Anti-p62	175	27% confirmation of Scheuer stage IV
Nakamura et al^Citation61	gp210	71	End-stage liver failure 60% when high
Nakamura et al^Citation20	gp210	276	6.74
Fibrosis	Combination biomarkers	No. patients and studies
Xie et al^Citation96	ELF	Nine studies Meta-analysis	83	73	0.88 Severe fibrosis–cirrhosis
Wang et al^Citation97	RDW	73	33.3	92.9	0.66
	RPR	Scheuer stage>II	46.7	96.4	0.74
	APRI		88.9	39.3	0.65
	FIB-4		57.8	78.6	0.68
Wang et al^Citation98	APRI	58	76.5	73.2	0.726
	FIB-4	Scheuer stage>II			0.722
	MPV				0.671
	RPR				0.717
	PL/ST				0.807
Prediction models of treatment response	Model	Criteria	No. of patients	Assessment after induction of therapy
	Barcelona^Citation105	ALP: normalization or >40% reduction	192	1 year
	Paris-I^Citation106	ALP<3.0×ULN, AST<2.0×ULN Bilirubin<1 mg/dL	292	1 year
	Toronto^Citation107	ALP<1.67×ULN	69	2 years
	Paris-II^Citation108	ALP<1.5×ULN, AST<1.5×ULN Bilirubin<1 mg/dL	165	1 year

Abbreviations: ALP, alkaline phosphatase; AMA, anti-mitochondrial antibody; ANA, antinuclear antibody; APRI, AST/platelet ratio index; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; AUC, area under the curve; ELF, enhanced liver fibrosis; FIB-4, fibrosis index based on four factors; HK1, hexokinase-1; KLHL7, Kelch-like protein 7; microRNAs, miRNAs; PBC, primary biliary cholangitis; RDW, red blood cell distribution width; RPR, RDW/platelet ratio; ST, spleen thickness; IF, immunofluorescence; MPV, mean platelet volume; PL, platelets; ULN, upper limit of normal.

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