Medicinal Plants Used for the Management of Hepatitis Over the Past 15 Years in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review

Figures & data

Table 1 Characteristics of the Studies Included in This Systematic Review

Authors, and References	Publication Year	Study Area	Study Design	Subjects	Sample Size	Sampling Technique
Gidey et al^Citation16	2006	Amhara region	Cross-sectional survey	Key informants	38	Purposive sampling
Tedla and Dida^Citation17	2019	Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Key informants (traditional healer)	21	Purposive sampling
Chekole et al^Citation18	2015	Northwest Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Traditional medicinal practitioners	105	Purposive sampling
Andarge et al^Citation19	2015	Dawuro Zone, Southern Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Traditional healers	91	Purposive sampling
Eshete et al^Citation20	2016	Oromia region, Ethiopia	Reconnaissance survey	Traditional healers	60	Purposive sampling
Abera^Citation21	2014	Southwest Ethiopia	Reconnaissance Survey	Key informants and community members	195	Purposive sampling
Mesfin et al^Citation22	2009	SNNPR, Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Healers	30	Purposive sampling
Teklay et al^Citation23	2013	Tigray, Ethiopia	Community based cross-sectional	Healers and knowledgeable informants	72	Purposive sampling
Belayneh et al^Citation24	2012	Eastern Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Traditional medicinal practioners	50	Stratified random sampling + Purposive sampling
Osman et al^Citation25	2020	Amhara Region, Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Key informants	150	Stratified random sampling
Shimels et al^Citation26	2017	Dire Dawa, Eastern Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Traditional healers	24	Purposive sampling
Amare and Getachew^Citation27	2019	Hararghe, Ethiopia	Cross-sectional	Key informants	48	Judgment and volunteer sampling
Tuasha^Citation28	2018	Sidama Zone, Ethiopia	Reconnaissance survey	Traditional healers	20	Purposive sampling
Tsegay et al^Citation29	2019	Bahir Dar, Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Key and general informants	72	Purposive sampling
Assefa et al^Citation30	2021	Bale Zone, Southeast Ethiopia	Cross-sectional survey	Key informants	90	Random sampling technique

Table 2 List of Plants Used for the Management of Hepatitis Over the Past 15 Years

Family Name	Scientific Name	Local Name	Growth Form	Part Used	Method of Preparation	RoA	Reference
Apocynaceae	Acokanthera schimperi	Merenz (Am)	Tree	Leaf & root	Fumigation	Oral	[16]
	Acokanthera schimperi	Merenz (am)	Tree	Leaf	Fresh leaf juice with honey is eaten	Oral	[17]
	Acokanthera schimperi	Merz (Am)	Shrub	Leaf	Crush, dry then fumigate	Nasal	[18]
Solanaceae	Nicandra physaloides	Puqaqiya (Daw)	Herb	Leaf	Crushed and taken cup of it	Oral	[19]
	Solanum spp.	Puk’ek’iya (Daw)	Shrub	Root	Washed/crushed mixed with water and taken orally 3 cup before breakfast for three days	Oral	[19]
Acanthaceae	Justicia schimperiana	Ciiggaa (Or)	Shrub	Leaf	Chopping young leaves, making solution and drinking half of water glass at once	Oral	[20]
Moraceae	Ficus sycomorus	Odaa (Or)	Tree	Bark	Sap is collected from bark surface of and creamed on skin	Dermal	[21]
Asclepiadaceae	Kanahala laniflora	Wundiffo (Ged)	Shrub	Root	Fresh/dry root powder mixed with honey taken orally before breakfast for three days.	Oral	[22]
Caryophyllaceae	Stellaria sennii	Papaya (Ged)	Herb	Root	Decoction root	Oral	[22]
Cucurbitaceae	Cucumis ficifolius	Ramboambo (Tig)	Herb	Whole part	Crush, add water, filter and drink or Chew and swallow the product	Oral	[23]
	Cucumis dipsaceus	Hare goge (Or)	Herb	Root	Concoction	Oral	[24]
	Cucumis dipsaceus	Yemdir embuay (am)	Herb	Whole plant	Chewing or crushing after adding water and then filtering	Dermal	[25]
Aloaceae	Aloe yavellana	Hargiissa (Or)	Herb	Latex	Taking the latex and drinking one coffee cup for humans	Oral	[20]
Fabaceae	Abrus precatoritus	Badaluwa (Daw)	Climber	Seed	Crushed and concocted with Maesa lanceolata and taken	Oral	[19]
	Acacia tortilis	Assel (Or)	Tree	Root	Crushed and mixed with water and consumed like tea (decoction)	Oral	[26]
Euphorbiaceae	Acalypha villicaulis	Wak’ak’uwa (Daw)	Herb	Root	Crushed and mixed with water taken	Oral	[19]
	Phyllanthus reticulatus	Wusiwisiya mala(Daw)	Shrub	Leaf & root	Crushed both parts taken	Oral	[19]
	Clutia lanceolata	Kutta dhigaa (Or)	Herb	Root	Crushing the root, boiling it and giving one water glass	Oral	[20]
Thymelaeaceae	Gnidia glauca	Migra (Daw)	Shrub	Root	Crushed and leave it for overnight mixed with water and taken orally	Oral	[19]
Asteraceae	Vernonia spp.	Yesheshuwa (Daw)	Herb	Root	Powdered and press then mixed with the root of Abrus precatorius and milk	Oral	[19]
	Vernonia amygdalina	Eebicha (Or)	Shrub	Leaf	Pounding the leaves of and mix it with water and drink it	Oral	[27]
	Galinsoga paruifolra	Ematiya/bizdiya (Or)	Tree	Leaf & root	Crushed root and leaf together taken orally within three days interval until heal	Oral	[19]
Boraginaceous	Cordia africana	Wanza (am)	Tree	Leaf	Chewing after mixing it with Sorghum bicolor	Oral	[25]
Menispermaceae	Stephania abyssinica	Kalaala (Or)	Climber	Leaf	The leaf part is boiled, and about 1 cup is drunk	Oral	[28]
Polygonaceae	Rumex nervosus	Embuacho (Am)	Herb	Leaf	A leaf is pounded and boiled and drink a cup of it before breakfast	Oral	[29]
Rhamnaceae	Rhamnus staddo	Qadiidaa (Or)	Shrub	Leaf	Boil with water and drinking	Oral	[30]
Anacardiaceae	Rhus vulgaris	Dabobechaa (Or)	Shrub	Leaf	Pounding the young leaves and mix with water and drinking it for seven consecutive days	Oral	[27]

Abbreviations: Am, Amharic; Or, Oromifa; Tig, Tigrigna; Ged, Gedogna; Daw, Dawrogna; RoA, route of administration.

Figure 1 Flowchart of study selection for medicinal plants used for the treatment of hepatitis in Ethiopia.

Figure 2 Growth forms of medicinal plants used for the treatment of hepatitis.

Figure 3 Plant parts used for the treatment of hepatitis in Ethiopia.

Figure 4 Route of administration of medicinal plants used for the treatment of hepatitis.

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