Dietary and Behavioral Risk Factors of Ischemic Heart Disease Among Patients of Medical Outpatient Departments in Southern Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of Respondents, Southern Ethiopia, 2020

Variable	Categories	Case No (%)	Control No (%)
Sex	Male	73 (52.1%)	218 (52.3%)
	Female	67 (47.9%)	199 (47.7%)
Age category (years)	<35	27 (19.3%)	103 (24.7%)
	35–55	52 (37.1%)	136 (32.6%)
	>55	61 (43.6%)	178 (42.7%)
Place of residence	Urban	86 (61.4%)	241 (57.8%)
	Rural	54 (38.6%)	176 (42.2%)
Ethnicity	Wolaita	110 (78.6%)	287 (68.8%)
	Gurage	16 (11.4%)	75 (18.0%)
	Other *	14 (10.0%)	55 (13.2)%)
Marital status	Married	110 (78.6%)	332 (79.6%)
	Single/divorced/widowed	30 (21.4%)	85 (20.4%)
Religion	Protestant	89 (63.6%)	228 (54.7%)
	Orthodox	30 (21.4%)	131 (31.4%)
	Other**	21 (15.7%)	58 (13.9%)
Educational status	No formal education	70 (50.4%)	113 (27.1%)
	Primary education	42 (30.2%)	172 (41.2%)
	Secondary and above	27 (19.4%)	132 (31.7%)
Occupation	Government employee	58 (41.4%)	117 (28.1%)
	Farmer	29 (20.7%)	97 (23.3%)
	House wife	31 (22.1%)	114 (27.3%)
	Other***	22 (15.7%)	89 (21.3%)
Income	Low	45 ((8.1%)	111 (26.6%)
	Middle	61 (43.6%)	169 (40.5%)
	High	34 (24.3%)	137 (32.9%)
Family history of HPN	Yes	30 (21.4%)	87 (20.9%)
	No	110 (78.6%)	330 (79.1%)
Previous history of HPN	Yes	89 (63.6%)	153 (36.7%)
	No	51 (36.4%)	264 (63.3%)

Notes: Other*Dawuro, silte, Tigre, Hadiya** Muslim, Catholic, Adventis ***Student, merchant, Self-Employed, job-less, hx; history, HPN; hypertension.

Table 2 Bivariate Logistic Regression and Behavioral, Dietary and Anthropometric Risk Factors of Ischemic Heart Disease in Selected Three Hospitals of Wolaita Zone, Ethiopia, 2020

Variable	Categories	Cases No (%)	Controls No (%)	COR (95% CI)
Educational status	No formal education	70 (50.4%)	113 (27.1%)	3.03 (1.82–5.04)*
	Primary level	42 (30.2%)	172 (41.2%)	1.58 (0.81–3.11)
	Secondary level	27 (19.4%)	132 (31.7%)	1
Occupation	Government employ	58 (41.4%)	117 (28.1%)	2.01 (1.14–3.52)*
	Farmer	29 (20.7%)	97 (23.3%)	1.21 (0.65–2.26)
	House wife	31 (22.1%)	114 (27.3%)	1.10 (0.59–2.03)
	Other**	22 (15.7%)	89 (21.3%)	1
History of Smoking	Yes	13 (9.3%)	33 (7.9%)	1.19 (0.61–2.33)
	No	127 (90.7%)	384 (92.1%)	1
History of Alcohol consumption	Yes	80 (57.1%)	130 (31.2%)	2.94 (1.98–4.36)*
	No	60 (42.9%)	287 (68.8%)	1
History of Khat Chewing	Yes	24 (17.1%)	49 (11.8%)	1.55 (0.91–2.64)*
	No	116 (82.9%)	368 (88.2%)	1
Physical activity	>150 min/week	34 (24.3%)	196 (47.0%)	1
	<150 min/week	106 (75.7%)	221 (53.0)	2.77 (1.79–4.26)*
Fruit and vegetable intake	< Three times/wk	110 (78.6%)	251 (60.2%)	2.4 (1.55–3.79)*
	> Three times/wk	30 (21.4%)	166 (39.8%)	1
Type of oil for food preparation	Palm oil	111 (79.3%)	234 (56.1%)	2.99 (1.90–4.71)*
	Sun-flower oil	183 (43.9%)	29 (20.7%)	1
Salt you consumption	Low	19 (13.6%)	138 (33.1%)	1
	Optimal	41 (29.3%)	173 (41.5%)	1.72 (0.96–3.10)*
	High	80 (57.1%)	106 (25.4%)	5.48 (3.13–9.60)*
BMI	Underweight	17 (12.1%)	73 (17.5%)	1
	Normal	30 (21.4%)	234 (56.1%)	0.55 (0.29–1.06)*
	Over weight	29 (20.7%)	75 (18.0%)	1.66 (0.84–3.28)*
	Obese	64 (45.7%)	35 (8.4%)	7.85 (4.02–15.34)*

Notes: Significant difference (COR*), other**; merchant, jobless, self-employed, student.

Table 3 Factors Associated with Ischemic Heart Disease in Southern Ethiopia, 2020 (N= 557)

Variable	Categories	AOR (95%andCI)	p-value
Educational Status	No formal education	3.18 (1.59–6.34)**	0.001
	Primary level	1.58 (0.81–3.11)	0.18
	Secondary level	1
Previous history of hypertension	Yes	2.84 (1.73–4.66)**	<0.001
	No	1
Physical activity	>150 min/week	1
	<150 min/week	2.23 (1.32–3.76)**	0.003
Fruit and vegetable intake	<3 times/wk	2.43 (1.40–4.22)**	0.002
	>3 times/wk	1
Type of oil for food preparation	Palm oil	2.12 (1.23–3.63)**	0.007
	Sun-flower oil	1
BMI	Underweight	1
	Normal	0.51 (0.25–1.04)	0.065
	Over weight	1.52 (0.70–3.29)	0.29
	Obese	5.68 (2.63–12.23)**	<0.001

Notes: **and bold for AOR p < 0.05.