Risk factors for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis among tuberculosis patients: a case-control study

Figures & data

Table 1 Bivariate analysis of the socio demographic characteristic of study participants with MDR-TB, at St. Peter’s TB Specialized Hospital, April 2011

Variables	Case N=90 (%)	Control N=90 (%)	COR (95% CI)
Age (years)
≤30	66 (73.3)	38 (42.2)	3.76 (2.01–7.04)*
>30	24 (26.7)	52 (57.8)	1.00
Sex
Male	41 (45.6)	52 (57.8)	0.61 (0.34–1.10)
Female	49 (54.4)	38 (42.2)	1.00
Marital status
Currently married	28 (31.1)	47 (52.2)	1.00
Others	62 (68.9)	43 (47.8)	2.42 (1.32–4.45)*
Educational status
Illiterate	11 (12.2)	22 (24.4)	0.43 (0.19–1.95)
Literate	79 (87.8)	68 (75.6)	1.00
Occupation
Employed for cash	16 (17.8)	13 (14.4)	1.28 (0.58–2.84)
Not employed	74 (82.2)	77 (85.6)	1.00
Religion
Muslim	8 (8.9)	21 (23.3)	1.00
Orthodox Christian	64 (71.1)	65 (72.2)	2.6 (1.07–6.30)*
Protestant	18 (20)	4 (4.4)	12 (3.04–45.80)#x0002A;
Monthly family income (ETB)
≤500	37 (44)	44 (59.5)	1.00
501–1,000	24 (28.6)	24 (32.4)	0.85 (0.58–2.40)
>1,000	23 (27.4)	6 (8.1)	4.5 (1.67–12.38)*

Notes:

* Variables that showed significant association during bivariate analysis at p<0.25, COR.

Abbreviations: MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; ETB, Ethiopian Birr; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 2 Bivariate analysis of environmental and patients’ behavioral and health related factors with MDR-TB at St. Peter’s TB Specialized Hospital, April 2011

Variables	Case N=90 (%)	Control N=90 (%)	COR (95% CI)
Have a house to live in
Yes	74 (82.2)	77 (85.6)	0.78 (0.35–1.73)
No	16 (17.8)	13 (14.4)	1.00
Number of rooms in the house
1	50 (61)	35 (43.2)	2.05 (1.01–3.83)*
≥2	32 (39)	46 (56.8)	1.00
Family size
≤5	57 (69.5)	60 (75.9)	0.72 (0.36–1.45)
>5	25 (30.5)	19 (24.1)	1.00
Have a TV
Yes	55 (67.1)	42 (51.9)	1.89 (1.00–3.56)*
No	27(32.9)	39 (48.1)	1.00
History of being in prison
Yes	9(10)	14 (15.6)	0.603 (0.25–1.48)
No	81 (90)	76 (84.4)	1.00
History of previous treatment
Yes	82 (91.1)	30 (33.3)	20.5 (8.80–47.60)*
No	8 (8.9)	60 (66.7)	1.00
History of contact
Yes	23 (25.6)	13 (14.4)	2 (0.95–4.30)
No	67 (74.4)	77 (85.6)	1.00
Number of times of previous Rx
1 time	20 (24.4)	18 (60)	1.00
≥2 times	62 (75.6)	12 (40)	4.65 (1.90–11.29)*
History of defaulter
Yes	15 (16.7)	10 (11.1)	1.6 (0.67–3.78)
No	75 (83.3)	80 (88.9)	1.00
History of traditional treatment
Yes	79 (87.8)	68 (75.6)	2.32 (1.05–5.12)*
No	11 (12.2)	22 (24.4)	1.00
History of illicit drug use
Yes	4 (4.4)	8 (8.9)	0.47 (0.14–1.64)
No	86 (95.6)	82 (91.1)	1.00
History of smoking
Yes	13 (14.4)	17 (18.9)	0.43 (0.33–1.59)
No	77 (85.6)	73 (81.1)	1.00
Contract diabetes mellitus
Yes	11 (12.2)	1(1.1)	12.4 (1.56–98.10)*
No	79 (87.8)	89 (98.9)	1.00
History of alcohol use
Yes	17 (18.9)	25 (27.8)	0.61(0.30–1.22)
No	73 (81.1)	65 (72.2)	1.00
Presence of HIV infection
Yes	45 (50)	26 (28.9)	2.46 (1.33–4.55)*
No	45 (50)	64 (71.1)	1.00
History of mental illness
Yes	10 (11.1)	5 (5.6)	2.13 (0.69–6.48)
No	80 (88.9)	85 (94.4)	1.00

Notes:

* Variables that showed significant association during bivariate analysis at p<0.25, COR.

Abbreviations: Rx, prescription; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.

Table 3 Multiple logistic regression analysis of risk factors for MDR-TB among tuberculosis patients at St. Peter’s TB Specialized Hospital, April 2011

Variables	COR (95% CI)	AOR (95% CI)	p
Age
≤30	3.76 (2.01–7.05)	7 (2.40–21.07)	0.001
>30	1.00	1.00
Number of rooms in the house
1	2.05 (1.01–3.83)	5.07 (1.68–15.38)	0.004
≥2	1.00	1.00
History of previous Rx
Yes	20.5 (8.78–47.60)	21 (17.80–28.80)	0.001
No	1.00	1.00
Infected with HIV
Yes	2.46 (1.33–4.55)	3.1 (1.02–9.40)	0.046
No	1.00	1.00

Abbreviations: Rx, prescription; MDR-TB, multidrug-resistant tuberculosis; TB, tuberculosis; COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.