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Infection and Drug Resistance Volume 11, 2018 - Issue
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Original Research

HIV-1 genotypic drug resistance in patients with virological failure to single-tablet antiretroviral regimens in southern Taiwan

Hung-Chin Tsai1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;3 Department of Parasitology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, TaiwanCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]
,
I-Tzu Chen1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
,
Susan Shin-Jung Lee1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;2 Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
&
Yao-Shen Chen1 Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;2 Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, TaiwanCorrespondence[email protected] [email protected]
Pages 1061-1071 | Published online: 03 Aug 2018

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic data of the 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs

Figure 1 Drug resistance according to the HIVdb program of Stanford University among 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs.

Note: The figure shows 87% drug resistance to any of the four classes of antiretroviral drugs, including 72% resistance to NRTI, 82% resistance to NNRTI, 10% resistance to PI, and 3% resistance to INSTI.
Abbreviations: INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; STR, single-tablet regimen.
Figure 1 Drug resistance according to the HIVdb program of Stanford University among 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs.

Figure 2 The prevalence of drug resistance to NRTI, NNRTI, PI, and INSTI among 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs.

Notes: The figure shows that 5% of the 39 STR users were resistant to zidovudine, 23% to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate, and 10% were resistant to atazanavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir. Of the patients who failed Complera or Triumeq treatment, 38% and 33% were resistant to atazanavir/ritonavir or lopinavir/ritonavir, respectively.
Abbreviations: INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; STR, single-tablet regimen.
Figure 2 The prevalence of drug resistance to NRTI, NNRTI, PI, and INSTI among 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs.

Figure 3 Percentage of HIV drug resistance-associated mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, PI, and INSTI among the 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs.

Abbreviations: INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; STR, single-tablet regimen.
Figure 3 Percentage of HIV drug resistance-associated mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, PI, and INSTI among the 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs.

Figure 4 The prevalence of drug resistance-associated mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, PI, and INSTI among the 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs.

Notes: The figure shows that the most common NRTI drug resistance-associated mutations were M184V/I (71.8%) and K65R (17.9%). For NNRTI, the mutations were K103N (35.9%), V179D (33.3%), Y181C (12.8%), and L100I (12.8%), and those for PI were K20T (7.7%) and L90M (5.1%). One of the three patients (33.3%) who failed Triumeq treatment had E138K, G140S, and Q148H INSTI mutations.
Abbreviations: INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitor; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; STR, single-tablet regimen.
Figure 4 The prevalence of drug resistance-associated mutations to NRTI, NNRTI, PI, and INSTI among the 39 HIV-1-infected patients with virological failure to STRs.

Table 2 Clinical manifestations among five STR users with virological failure without drug resistance

Table 3 Demographic information, antiretroviral treatment duration, and resistance between 8 treatment-naïve patients initiating an STR and 31 treatment-experienced patients switching to an STR with virological failure

Table 4 Risk factors associated with TDF resistance in univariate analysis

Table 5 Risk factors associated with PI resistance among the 39 patients with STR failure

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