Distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in ventilator-associated pneumonia at a local hospital of North-eastern China

Figures & data

Table 1 General data of the 76 VAP patients

Variables	Number of patients	Rate (%)
Gender
Male	46	60.5
Female	30	39.5
Basic diseases
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease	21	27.6
Severe pneumonia	11	14.5
Sepsis with ARDS	9	11.8
cerebrovascular accidents	8	10.5
acute pancreatitis	7	9.2
Trauma	6	7.9
Bronchial asthma	5	6.6
Malignant tumor	5	6.6
Drug poisoning	4	5.3

Abbreviations: ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; VAP, ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Table 2 PSB culture positive results (≥10³ CFU/mL)

Low respiratory tract pathogens	Number of strains	(%)
gram-negative bacilli
A. baumanni	19	25.0
P. aeruginosa	15	19.7
K. pneumoniae	11 (7 ESBl-producing)	14.5
E. coli	6 (2 ESBl-producing)	7.89
Enterobacter cloacae	4	5.26
Pseudomonas maltophilia	3	3.94
Others	2	2.63
gram-positive
MRSA	6	7.89
MRCNS	4	5.26
Enterococcus faecalis	2	2.63
Fungi
C. albicans	4	5.26
Total	76	100

Abbreviations: ESBL, extended-spectrum β lactamase; MRCNS, methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus; MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus; PSB, protective specimen brush.

Table 3 Antibiotic resistance of major Gram-negative bacilli

Antibiotic	A. baumannii (n= 19)	P. aeruginosa (n= 15)	K. pneumoniae (n=11)
Imipenem	63.2	33.3	9.1
ceftazidime	47.4	26.7	45.4
cefoperazone	78.9	60.0	63.6
cefotaxime	94.7	80.0	72.7
cefepime	47.4	40.0	36.4
Piperacillin/tazobactam sodium	57.9	33.3	18.2
Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid	94.7	66.7	54.5
cefoperazone/sulbactam	15.8	20.0	36.3
cefoxitin	84.2	86.7	45.4
Ciprofloxacin	63.2	40.0	27.3
amikacin	21.1	20.0	27.3
aztreonam	73.7	46.7	45.4

Table 4 Comparison of antibiotic resistance of ESBL-producing and -nonproducing strains

Antibiotics	ESBL-producing strains (n=9)		Non-ESBL-producing strains (n=8)
	S	I+R (%)	S	I + R (%)
ceftazidime	1	8 (88.9)	6	2 (25.0)
cefoperazone	0	9 (100)	5	3 (37.5)
cefotaxime	0	9 (100)	4	4 (50.0)
Ciprofloxacin	2	7 (77.8)	7	1 (12.5)
cefoxitin	7	2 (22.2)	4	4 (50.0)
cefepime	2	7 (77.8)	7	1 (12.5)
Piperacillin/tazobactam sodium	8	1 (11.1)	7	1 (12.5)
Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid	0	9 (100)	4	4 (50.0)
cefoperazone/sulbactam	5	4 (44.4)	6	2 (25.0)
Imipenem	9	0 (0)	7	1 (12.5)

Abbreviations: ESBL, extended-spectrum β lactamase; I, intermediate; R, resistant; S, sensitive.

Figure 1 Plasmid restriction endonuclease fingerprinting of seven K. pneumoniae strains producing ESBLs.

Notes: Lanes 1–7, K. pneumoniae strains producing ESBLs; M, λDNA/HindIII marker.
Abbreviation: ESBL, extended-spectrum β lactamase.