Association of MBL2 gene polymorphisms with pulmonary tuberculosis susceptibility: trial sequence meta-analysis as evidence

Figures & data

Figure 1 PRISMA 2009 flow diagram depicting identification and selection process (inclusion/exclusion) of the relevant published articles dealing with MBL2 gene polymorphisms and pulmonary tuberculosis risk for the present meta-analysis.

Table 1 Main characteristics of all the studies included in this meta-analysis

First author and year	Country	Ethnicity	Control	Cases	Methods	SNP	Association
Wu et al 2015^Citation19	China	Asian	453	151	PCR-RFLP	P>Q, Y>X, H>L, A>B	No
da Cruz et al 2013^Citation20	Brazil	Mixed	148	119	Sequencing	H>L, Y>X, A>O, A>D, A>B, A>C	A>O, A>C risk
Araújo et al 2013^Citation21	Brazil	Mixed	159	133	PCR	A>B, A>C, A>D, A>O	No
Singla et al 2012^Citation22	India	Asian	392	286	PCR-RFLP	A>B	Yes
Thye et al 2011^Citation31	Ghana	African	2,236	1,953	Pyrosequencing	H>L, Y>X, P>Q, A>C	A>C
Capparelli et al 2009^Citation15	Italy	Caucasian	288	277	PCR	A>O	Protective
Cosar et al 2008^Citation23	Turkey	Caucasian	99	27	PCR-RFLP	A>B	Protective
Alagarasu et al 2007^Citation24	India	Asian	146	225	PCR-SSP	A>B, A>D, A>C, A>O, Y>X	Y>X, A>O
Søborg et al 2007^Citation25	Tanzania	African	426	424	PCR-SSP	A>B, A>D, A>C, A>O	No
Liu et al 2006^Citation26	China	Asian	293	152	PCR-SSP	H>L, P>Q, Y>X, A>B	No
Selvaraj et al 2006^Citation27	India	Asian	58	48	PCR-SSOP	A>O	No
Ozbaş-Gerçeker et al 2003^Citation28	Turkey	Caucasian	100	49	PCR	A>B	No
Selvaraj et al 1999^Citation29	India	Asian	109	202	PCR	A>B, A>C, A>D, A>O	A>C
Bellamy et al 1998^Citation30	Gambia	African	422	397	PCR	A>B, A>C	Protective A>C

Notes: MBL2 gene variants designated as rs1800450 (A>B), rs1800451 (A>C), rs5030737 (A>D), rs7096206 (Y>X), rs11003125 (H>L), rs7095891 (P>Q), combined rs1800450, rs1800451, rs5030737 (A>O).

Abbreviations: PCR-RFLP, polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism; PCR-SSOP, polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes; PCR-SSP, polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific amplification; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism.

Table 2 Genotypic distribution of MBL2 gene polymorphism included in meta-analysis: first

First author and year	Controls				Cases				HWE
	Genotype rs1800450			Minor allele	Genotype rs1800450			Minor allele
	AA	AB	BB	MAF	AA	AB	BB	MAF	P-value
Wu et al 2015^Citation19	348	97	8	0.124	112	37	2	0.135	0.459
da Cruz et al 2013^Citation20	124	21	3	0.091	95	22	2	0.109	0.079
Araújo et al 2013^Citation21	101	48	0	0.161	84	35	0	0.147	0.019
Singla et al 2012^Citation22	207	155	30	0.274	175	100	11	0.213	0.895
Cosar et al 2008^Citation23	71	27	1	0.146	23	4	0	0.074	0.366
Alagarasu et al 2007^Citation24	86	33	4	0.166	120	42	12	0.189	0.704
Søborg et al 2007^Citation25	271	13	1	0.026	289	9	0	0.015	0.063
Liu et al 2006^Citation26	166	42	4	0.117	103	34	4	0.148	0.487
Ozbaş-Gerçeker et al 2003^Citation28	76	20	4	0.14	40	9	0	0.091	0.090
Selvaraj et al 1999^Citation29	84	24	1	0.119	137	51	14	0.195	0.615
Bellamy et al 1998^Citation30	183	5	0	0.013	198	7	0	0.017	0.853
	Genotype rs1800451				Genotype rs1800451
	AA	AC	CC		AA	AC	CC
da Cruz et al 2013^Citation20	140	8	0	0.027	133	22	0	0.070	0.735
Araújo et al 2013^Citation21	101	2	0	0.009	84	4	0	0.022	0.920
Thye et al 2011^Citation31	1,002	977	257	0.333	885	815	194	0.317	0.421
Alagarasu et al 2007^Citation24	86	12	1	0.070	120	11	1	0.049	0.439
Søborg et al 2007^Citation25	271	112	20	0.188	289	115	20	0.182	0.065
Selvaraj et al 1999^Citation29	103	5	1	0.032	176	25	1	0.066	0.006
Bellamy et al 1998^Citation30	183	192	42	0.330	198	159	29	0.281	0.417
	Genotype rs5030737				Genotype rs5030737
	AA	AD	DD		AA	AD	DD
da Cruz et al 2013^Citation20	138	9	1	0.037	108	10	1	0.050	0.067
Araújo et al 2013^Citation21	101	6	0	0.028	84	8	0	0.043	0.765
Alagarasu et al 2007^Citation24	86	8	0	0.042	120	26	2	0.101	0.666
Søborg et al 2007^Citation25	271	6	0	0.010	289	8	0	0.013	0.855
Selvaraj et al 1999^Citation29	99	10	0	0.045	186	9	7	0.056	0.615

Abbreviations: HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; MAF, minor allele frequency.

Table 3 Genotypic distribution of MBL2 gene polymorphisms included in this meta-analysis: second

First author and year	Controls				Cases				HWE
	Combined rs1800450, 1800451, 5030737			Minor allele	Combined rs1800450, 1800451, 5030737			Minor allele
	AA	AO	OO	MAF	AA	AO	OO	MAF	P-value
da Cruz et al 2013^Citation20	108	34	6	0.155	71	41	7	0.231	0.128
Araújo et al 2013^Citation21	101	56	2	0.188	84	47	2	0.191	0.057
Capparelli et al 2009^Citation15	166	112	10	0.229	55	158	61	0.510	0.087
Alagarasu et al 2007^Citation24	86	53	7	0.229	120	82	24	0.287	0.747
Søborg et al 2007^Citation25	271	131	30	0.221	289	132	22	0.198	0.013
Selvaraj et al 2006^Citation27	37	18	3	0.206	24	19	5	0.302	0.678
Selvaraj et al 1999^Citation29	68	39	2	0.197	107	73	22	0.289	0.175
	Genotype rs7096206				Genotype rs7096206
	YY	YX	XX		YY	YX	XX
Wu et al 2015^Citation19	318	120	15	0.165	97	47	7	0.201	0.379
da Cruz et al 2013^Citation20	110	32	6	0.148	75	40	4	0.201	0.076
Thye et al 2011^Citation31	1,663	486	31	0.125	1,437	396	26	0.120	0.502
Alagarasu et al 2007^Citation24	72	61	13	0.297	136	79	10	0.22	0.987
Liu et al 2006^Citation26	151	54	7	0.160	91	44	6	0.198	0.430
	Genotype rs11003125				Genotype rs11003125
	HH	HL	LL		HH	HL	LL
Wu et al 2015^Citation19	46	64	41	0.483	101	248	104	0.503	0.062
da Cruz et al 2013^Citation20	19	61	68	0.665	8	45	66	0.743	0.366
Thye et al 2011^Citation31	9	287	1,878	0.929	7	266	1,570	0.924	0.576
Liu et al 2006^Citation26	49	105	58	0.521	44	66	31	0.453	0.911

Abbreviations: HWE, Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium; MAF, minor allele frequency.

Table 4 Quality assessment conducted according to the NOS for all the included studies

First author and year	Quality indicators
	Selection	Comparability	Exposure
Wu et al 2015^Citation19	٭٭٭	٭	٭٭
da Cruz et al 2013^Citation20	٭٭٭	٭	٭٭
Araújo et al 2013^Citation21	٭٭٭	٭	٭٭
Singla et al 2012^Citation22	٭٭٭	٭	٭٭٭
Thye et al 2011^Citation31	٭٭٭٭	٭	٭٭٭
Capparelli et al 2009^Citation15	٭٭٭	٭	٭٭
Cosar et al 2008^Citation23	٭٭	٭	٭٭
Alagarasu et al 2007^Citation24	٭٭٭	٭	٭
Søborg et al 2007^Citation25	٭٭٭	٭	٭
Liu et al 2006^Citation26	٭٭٭	٭	٭٭٭
Selvaraj et al 2006^Citation27	٭٭٭	٭	٭
Ozbaş-Gerçeker et al 2003^Citation28	٭	٭	٭٭
Selvaraj et al 1999^Citation29	٭٭٭	٭	٭٭
Bellamy et al 1998^Citation30	٭٭	٭	٭٭

Abbreviation: NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale.

Table 5 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (rs1800450 Overall)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	P heterogeneity	I^2 (%)
B vs A	0.21	−2.33 to 2.74	0.86	20.21	0.03	50.52	Random
BB vs AA	0.70	−1.52 to 2.91	0.48	12.76	0.12	37.29	Fixed
BA vs AA	0.05	−1.90 to 1.99	0.96	9.34	0.50	0.00	Fixed
BB + BA vs AA	0.08	−2.28 to 2.45	0.94	14.27	0.16	29.90	Fixed
BB vs BA + AA	0.60	−1.50 to 2.71	0.52	11.61	0.17	31.11	Fixed

Figure 2 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with the MBL2 rs1800450 (A>B) gene polymorphism for the overall population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 6 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (rs1800450 Asian)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
B vs A	6.83	4.07 to 9.58	0.00	14.49	0.01	72.40	Random
BB vs AA	3.58	−0.66 to 7.84	0.07	11.46	0.02	65.08	Random
BA vs AA	3.82	−1.56 to 9.21	0.11	5.30	0.26	24.53	Fixed
BB + BA vs AA	6.06	1.82 to 10.30	0.02	9.37	0.05	57.33	Random
BB vs BA + AA	3.24	−1.01 to 7.49	0.09	10.26	0.04	61.02	Random

Figure 3 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with the MBL2 rs1800450 (A>B) gene polymorphism for the Asian population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 7 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (rs1800451 overall)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
C vs A	1.07	−0.93 to 3.07	0.22	14.49	0.02	58.58	Random
CC vs AA	−0.29	−1.57 to 0.99	0.52	1.29	0.86	0.001	Fixed
CA vs AA	1.19	−1.00 to 3.38	0.22	15.61	0.02	61.57	Random
CC + CA vs AA	1.18	−1.02 to 3.39	0.23	15.91	0.01	62.28	Random
CC vs CA + AA	−0.26	−1.16 to 0.64	0.42	0.71	0.95	0.001	Fixed

Figure 4 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with the rs1800451 (A>C) gene polymorphism for the overall population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 8 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (rs1800451 African)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
C vs A	−0.89	−23.14 to 21.35	0.70	2.09	0.35	4.29	Fixed
CC vs AA	−0.53	−16.60 to 15.54	0.75	1.22	0.54	0.00	Fixed
CA vs AA	−1.08	−21.67 to 19.50	0.62	1.78	0.41	0.00	Fixed
CC + CA vs AA	−1.10	−24.87 to 22.66	0.66	2.22	0.33	10.05	Fixed
CC vs CA + AA	−0.31	−11.52 to 10.69	0.78	0.59	0.74	0.00	Fixed

Figure 5 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with the rs1800451 (A>C) gene polymorphism for the African population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 9 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (rs5030737 overall)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
D vs A	−0.81	−8.87to 7.25	0.77	1.98	0.74	0.00	Fixed
DD vs AA	5.91	−153.15 to 165.67	0.72	0.81	0.67	0.00	Fixed
DA vs AA	−2.07	−22.86 to 18.71	0.77	6.43	0.17	37.77	Fixed
DD + DA vs AA	−0.0002	−12.68 to 12.68	0.99	3.36	0.50	0.00	Fixed
DD vs DA + AA	5.22	−165.83 to 176.28	0.76	0.87	0.65	0.00	Fixed

Figure 6 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with the rs5030737 (A>D) gene polymorphism for the overall population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 10 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (combined overall)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
O vs A	0.14	−11.91 to 12.18	0.98	67.58	0.00	91.12	Random
OO vs AA	1.29	−6.66 to 9.24	0.69	50.46	0.00	88.11	Random
OA vs AA	1.46	−8.71 to 11.63	0.73	42.54	0.00	85.89	Random
OO + OA vs AA	2.34	−9.59 to 14.27	0.64	61.81	0.00	90.29	Random
OO vs OA + AA	1.16	−5.02 to 7.36	0.65	31.66	0.00	81.05	Random

Figure 7 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with MBL2 combined rs1800450, rs1800451, rs5030737 (A>O) gene polymorphism for the overall population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 11 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (combined Asian)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
O vs A	1.38	−18.90 to 21.54	0.56	0.69	0.71	0.00	Fixed
OO vs AA	1.69	−25.74 to 29.13	0.58	1.48	0.48	0.00	Fixed
OA vs AA	1.95	0.11 to 3.78	0.05	0.65	0.72	0.00	Fixed
OO + OA vs AA	1.72	−8.37 to 11.82	0.27	0.60	0.74	0.00	Fixed
OO vs OA + AA	1.46	−28.82 to 31.73	0.65	0.56	0.46	0.00	Fixed

Figure 8 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with MBL2 combined rs1800450, rs1800451, rs5030737 (A>O) gene polymorphism for the Asian population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 12 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (rs7096206 overall)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
X vs Y	1.37	−4.30 to 7.03	0.50	12.54	0.01	68.11	Random
XX vs YY	0.28	−5.45 to 6.02	0.88	5.13	0.27	22.10	Fixed
XY vs YY	1.56	−2.99 to 6.11	0.35	11.08	0.03	63.13	Random
XX + XY vs YY	1.44	−3.74 to 6.62	0.44	12.55	0.01	68.13	Random
XX vs XY + YY	0.01	−4.88 to 4.91	0.99	3.62	0.46	0.00	Fixed

Figure 9 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with MBL2 rs7096206 (Y>X) gene polymorphism for the overall population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 13 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (rs7096206 Asian)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
X vs Y	9.80	−272.33 to 291.93	0.73	9.46	0.009	78.85	Random
XX vs YY	7.87	−117.43 to 133.17	0.57	5.07	0.08	60.57	Fixed
XY vs YY	0.09	−273.75 to 273.95	0.99	5.63	0.06	64.50	Fixed
XX + XY vs YY	–0.39	−321.95 to −321.15	0.99	7.93	0.02	74.78	Random
XX vs XY + YY	6.45	−90.85 to 103.75	0.55	3.52	0.17	43.15	Fixed

Figure 10 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with MBL2 rs7096206 (Y>X) gene polymorphism for the Asian population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 14 Statistics to test the publication bias and heterogeneity (rs11003125 overall)

Comparisons	Egger’s regression analysis			Heterogeneity analysis			Model used for the meta-analysis
	Intercept	95% CI	P-value	Q-value	Pheterogeneity	I^2 (%)
L vs H	2.21	−10.49 to 14.91	0.53	7.98	0.05	62.39	Random
LL vs HH	1.88	−11.54 to 15.31	0.61	6.58	0.09	54.42	Fixed
LH vs HH	0.14	−12.97 to 13.24	0.97	7.81	0.05	61.58	Random
LL + LH vs HH	0.67	−12.35 to 13.69	0.85	8.64	0.03	65.26	Random
LL vs LH + HH	0.39	−6.83 to 7.59	0.84	4.65	0.20	35.43	Fixed

Figure 11 Forest plot of ORs with 95% CI of PTB risk associated with MBL2 rs11003125 (H>L) gene polymorphism for the overall population.

Notes: Black squares represent the value of OR and the size of the square indicates the inverse proportion relative to its variance. Horizontal lines represent the 95% CI of OR.

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Table 15 Summary of the results of association of MBL2 gene polymorphisms and PTB risk (overall and ethnicity-wise analysis)

MBL2 gene polymorphisms	Association	Ethnicity
rs1800450 A>B	Overall	Asian
B vs A	No risk	No risk
BB vs AA	No risk	No risk
BA vs AA	No risk	No risk
BB + BA vs AA	No risk	No risk
BB vs BA + AA	No risk	No risk
rs1800451 A>C	Overall	African
C vs A	No risk	Reduced risk
CC vs AA	Reduced risk	Reduced risk
CA vs AA	No risk	No risk
CC + CA vs AA	No risk	No risk
CC vs CA + AA	No risk	No risk
rs5030737 A>D	Overall	Not studied
D vs A	Increased risk	Not studied (due to inadequate studies)
DD vs AA	No risk
DA vs AA	No risk
DD + DA vs AA	No risk
DD vs DA + AA	No risk
Combined rs1800450, 1800451, rs5030737 O>A	Overall	Asian
O vs A	No risk	Increased risk
OO vs AA	No risk	Increased risk
OA vs AA	No risk	No risk
OO + OA vs AA	No risk	No risk
OO vs OA + AA	No risk	Increased risk
rs7096206 Y>X	Overall	Asian
X vs Y	No risk	No risk
XX vs YY	No risk	No risk
XY vs YY	No risk	No risk
XX + YX vs YY	No risk	No risk
XX vs XY + YY	No risk	No risk
rs11003125 H>L	Overall	Not studied
L vs H	No risk	Not studied (due to inadequate studies)
LL vs HH	No risk
LH vs HH	No risk
LL + LH vs HH	No risk
LL vs LH + HH	No risk

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

Figure 12 Trial sequence analysis of all the included studies dealing with MBL2 gene polymorphisms, based on dominant genetic model, and PTB risk: (A) rs1800450 (A>B), (B) rs1800451 (A>C), and (C) rs5030737 (A>D).

Abbreviations: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis; RRR, relative risk reduction.

Figure 13 Trial sequence analysis of all the included studies dealing with MBL2 gene polymorphisms, based on dominant genetic model, and PTB risk: (A) combined rs1800450, rs1800451, rs5030737 (A>O), (B) rs7096206 (Y>X), and (C) rs11003125 (H>L).

Abbreviation: PTB, pulmonary tuberculosis.

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