Detection of Mycoplasma pneumoniae in Mexican children with community-acquired pneumonia: experience in a tertiary care hospital

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic characteristics in patients with CAP

Characteristic	Total, n=154 (%)	M. pneumoniae, n=41 (%)	P-value
Female gender	68 (44.2)	21 (51.2)	0.288
≥ 6 years of age*	42 (27.3)	19 (46.3)	0.001
<6 years of age	112 (72.7)	22 (53.7)
Median age in years (range)	3.08 (0.04–18.3)	5.41 (0.10–17.4)
Age group
<2	68 (44.2)	13 (31.7)	0.061
2, ≤4	20 (13)	6 (14.6)	0.714
>4, ≤6	24 (15.6)	3 (7.3)	0.088
>6, ≤8	8 (5.2)	3 (7.3)	0.475
>8, ≤10	6 (3.9)	3 (7.3)	0.186
>10, ≤12*	9 (8.5)	5 (12.2)	0.043
>12	19 (12.3)	8 (19.5)	0.103

Note: *P<0.05 statistically significant.

Abbreviation: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia.

Table 2 Underlying diseases in patients with CAP

Diseases	Total, n=142 (%)	M. pneumoniae, n=41 (%)	P-value
Underlying diseases*	102 (66.2)	34 (83)	0.024
Renal disease*	5 (3.2)	5 (12.2)	<0.001
Neurological disease	11 (7.1)	4 (9.8)	0.448
Neurodevelopmental disorder	9 (5.8)	2 (4.9)	0.758
Congenital malformation	40 (26)	12 (29.3)	0.574
Cardiovascular disease	12 (7.8)	4 (9.8)	0.584
Lung disease other than asthma	11 (7.1)	2 (4.9)	0.511
Asthma	16 (10.4)	1 (2.4)	0.051
Solid tumors	4 (2.6)	1 (2.4)	0.941
Leukemias and lymphomas	14 (9.1)	3 (7.3)	0.645
NNHD	9 (5.8)	3 (7.3)	0.639
Primary immunodeficiency*	9 (5.8)	7 (17.1)	<0.001
Autoimmune disease*	9 (5.8)	5 (12.2)	0.043
GERD	5 (3.2)	3 (7.3)	0.086

Note: *P<0.05 statistically significant.

Abbreviations: NNHD, non-neoplastic hematological disease; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia.

Table 3 Symptoms of patients with CAP

Symptoms	Total, n=154 (%)	M. pneumoniae, n=41 (%)	P-value
Acute course (<1 week)	120 (77.9)	28 (68.3)	0.083
Sub-acute course (>1 week)	34 (22.1)	13 (31.7)	0.083
Median duration of symptoms in days (range)	13 (3–90)	13 (3–90)	0.595
Fever	135 (87.7)	33 (80.5)	0.103
Median days of fever in days (range)	3 (1–19)	3 (1–10)	0.495
Median temperature in ºC (range)	38.5 (37.3–40)	38.5 (37.9–40)	0.834
Cough	145 (94.2)	39 (95.1)	0.758
Median days of cough (range)	6 (1–90)	7 (1–90)	0.283
Rhinorrhea	78 (50.6)	18 (43.9)	0.313
Odynophagia	26 (16.9)	7 (17.1)	0.970
Apnea	2 (1.3)	0	0.391
Headache	7 (4.5)	2 (4.9)	0.905
Exanthema	1 (0.6)	0	0.546
Arthritis/arthralgia*	3 (1.9)	3 (7.3)	0.004
Seizures	3 (1.9)	0	0.292
Diarrhea	15 (9.7)	2 (4.9)	0.235
Abdominal pain	12 (7.8)	4 (9.8)	0.584
Vomiting	36 (23.4)	9 (22)	0.801

Note: *P<0.05 statistically significant.

Abbreviation: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia.

Table 4 Clinical signs in patients with CAP

Signs	Total, n=154 (%)	M. pneumoniae, n=41 (%)	P-value
Tachycardia	48 (31.2)	13 (31.7)	0.931
Bradycardia	1 (0.6)	1 (2.4)	0.096
Tachypnea	118 (76.6)	31 (75.6)	0.858
Oxygen desaturation (SpO2<92%)	148 (96.1)	39 (95.1)	0.704
Respiratory distress	131 (85.1)	34 (82.9)	0.654
Median days of respiratory distress (range)	2 (1–10)	2 (1–10)	0.598
Nasal flaring	61 (39.6)	14 (34.1)	0.404
Intercostal retractions	127 (82.5)	32 (78)	0.385
Subcostal retractions	44 (28.6)	9 (22)	0.273
Xiphoid retractions	72 (46.8)	17 (41.5)	0.428
Thoracoabdominal dissociation	21 (13.6)	6 (14.6)	0.828
Wheezing	63 (40.9)	18 (43.9)	0.649
Cyanosis	30 (19.5)	6 (14.6)	0.360
Crackles	115 (74.7)	27 (65.9)	0.129
Hypoventilation (breath sounds)	53 (34.4)	12 (29.3)	0.418
Clinical syndrome of pleural effusion	8 (5.2)	2 (4.9)	0.915

Abbreviation: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia.

Table 5 Hematological results of patients with CAP

Parameters	Total, n=142 (%)	M. pneumoniae, n=37 (%)	P-value
Median hemoglobin in g/dL (range)	12.2 (3.7–19.1)	12.8 (7.3–17.1)	0.205
Anemia	31 (21.8)	5 (13.5)	0.154
Leukocytosis	28 (19.7)	7 (18.9)	0.884
Leukopenia	26 (18.3)	7 (18.9)	0.911
Neutrophilia	39 (27.5)	11 (29.7)	0.720
Neutropenia	5 (3.5)	0	0.017
Lymphocytosis	1 (0.7)	0	0.551
Lymphopenia	79 (55.6)	21 (56.8)	0.873
Eosinophilia	9 (6.3)	2 (5.4)	0.787
Monocytosis	72 (50.7)	22 (59.5)	0.215
Thrombocytosis*	44 (31)	3 (8.1)	<0.001
Thrombocytopenia	19 (13.4)	8 (21.6)	0.083

Note: *P<0.05 statistically significant.

Abbreviation: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia.

Table 6 Radiological findings of patients with CAP

Pattern	Total, n=154 (%)	M. pneumoniae, n=41 (%)	P-value
Single pattern	82 (53.2)	22 (53.7)	0.951
Mixed pattern	72 (46.8)	19 (46.3)	0.951
Interstitial	112 (72.7)	32 (78)	0.372
Consolidation	20 (13)	3 (7.3)	0.207
Bronchopneumonia	52 (33.8)	12 (29.3)	0.477
Multifocal*	11 (7.1)	7 (17.1)	0.004
Atelectasis	8 (5.2)	2 (4.9)	0.915
Effusion	9 (5.8)	3 (7.3)	0.639
Overdistention	22 (14.3)	4 (9.8)	0.333

Note: *P<0.05 statistically significant.

Abbreviation: CAP, community-acquired pneumonia.

Table 7 Complications in patients with CAP

Type of complications	Total, n=154 (%)	M. pneumoniae, n=41 (%)	P-value
Complications	47 (30.5)	11 (26.8)	0.483
Pleural effusion	9 (5.8)	3 (7.3)	0.639
Pericarditis	1 (0.6)	1 (2.4)	0.096
Admission to PICU	40 (26)	11 (26.8)	0.884
Median duration of PICU stay in days (range)	9.5 (3–60)	9 (3–60)	0.867
Mechanical ventilation	51 (33.1)	11 (26.8)	0.318
Median days of mechanical ventilation (range)	9 (3–32)	10 (3–25)	0.582

Abbreviations: PICU, pediatric intensive care unit; CAP, community-acquired pneumonia.