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Original Research

Association between biofilm formation, structure and antibiotic resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis isolated from neonatal septicemia in southwest Iran

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Pages 1771-1782 | Published online: 27 Jun 2019

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic and clinical features at the time of presentation of neonatal septicemia

Table 2 Biofilm formation structure antibiotic resistance and biofilm related genes in all S. epidermidis isolat

Figure 1 Antibiotic resistance rate among all 65 S.epidermidis isolated.

Abbreviations: AM, amikacin; GN, gentamicin; FOX, cefoxitin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; E, erythromycin; T, tetracycline; TS, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; ATH, azithromycin; CLA, clarithromycin; LZD, linezolid; RP, rifampin; DXT, doxycycline; MN, minocycline; TN, tobramycin; CD, clindamycin; Lecv, levofloxacin; V, vancomycin.

Figure 1 Antibiotic resistance rate among all 65 S.epidermidis isolated.Abbreviations: AM, amikacin; GN, gentamicin; FOX, cefoxitin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; E, erythromycin; T, tetracycline; TS, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; ATH, azithromycin; CLA, clarithromycin; LZD, linezolid; RP, rifampin; DXT, doxycycline; MN, minocycline; TN, tobramycin; CD, clindamycin; Lecv, levofloxacin; V, vancomycin.

Table 3 Correlation between the level of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in 65 S. epidermidis isolates

Table 4 The pattern of the genes that make up biofilms is based on the biofilm capacity

Figure 2 Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibilities between biofilm and nonbiofilm producing S. epidermidis isolated.

Abbreviations: AM, amikacin; GN, gentamicin; FOX, cefoxitin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; E, erythromycin; T, tetracycline; TS, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; ATH, azithromycin; CLA, clarithromycin; LZD, linezolid; RP, rifampin; DXT, doxycycline; MN, minocycline; TN, tobramycin; CD, clindamycin; Lecv, levofloxacin; V, vancomycin; Biofilm pos, biofilm positive; Biofilm neg, biofilm negative.

Figure 2 Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibilities between biofilm and nonbiofilm producing S. epidermidis isolated.Abbreviations: AM, amikacin; GN, gentamicin; FOX, cefoxitin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; E, erythromycin; T, tetracycline; TS, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; ATH, azithromycin; CLA, clarithromycin; LZD, linezolid; RP, rifampin; DXT, doxycycline; MN, minocycline; TN, tobramycin; CD, clindamycin; Lecv, levofloxacin; V, vancomycin; Biofilm pos, biofilm positive; Biofilm neg, biofilm negative.

Figure 3 Distribution of SCC typing in S. epidermidis biofilm producer and nonbiofilm producer.

Abbreviations: mecA, methicillin-resistant gene; SCC, staphylococcal cassette chromosome; Biofilm pos, biofilm positive; Biofilm neg, biofilm negative.

Figure 3 Distribution of SCC typing in S. epidermidis biofilm producer and nonbiofilm producer.Abbreviations: mecA, methicillin-resistant gene; SCC, staphylococcal cassette chromosome; Biofilm pos, biofilm positive; Biofilm neg, biofilm negative.

Figure 4 Distribution of biofilm formation genes among biofilm producer and nonbiofilm producer S. epidermidis isolated.

Abbreviations: ica, intercellular adhesion; aap, accumulation-associated protein; bhp, biofilm associated protein; Biofilm pos, biofilm positive; Biofilm neg, biofilm negative.

Figure 4 Distribution of biofilm formation genes among biofilm producer and nonbiofilm producer S. epidermidis isolated.Abbreviations: ica, intercellular adhesion; aap, accumulation-associated protein; bhp, biofilm associated protein; Biofilm pos, biofilm positive; Biofilm neg, biofilm negative.