Community-associated Staphylococcus aureus PVL⁺ ST22 predominates in skin and soft tissue infections in Beijing, China

Figures & data

Table 1 MLST typing, biofilm formation, and virulence factors genes of 44 S. aureus isolations from SSTI patients

No.	Sex	Age (years)	Phenotype	SCCmec Type	MLST	Biofilm	lukS/lukF	tst-1	etA	edinA	icaA	icaD
1	F	51	MRSA	Ⅳ	338	Moderate	P	P	N	N	P	P
2	F	4	MRSA	Ⅴ	338	Moderate	P	P	N	N	P	P
3	M	25	MRSA	Ⅴ	59	Moderate	P	P	N	N	P	P
4	F	19	MRSA	Ⅴ	59	Moderate	P	P	N	N	P	P
5	F	30	MRSA	Ⅴ	59	Moderate	P	P	N	N	P	P
6	F	29	MRSA	Ⅳ	59	Moderate	N	P	N	N	P	P
7	F	2	MRSA	Ⅴ	59	Moderate	N	P	N	N	P	P
8	M	11	MSSA		59	Moderate	P	P	N	N	P	P
9	F	39	MRSA	Ⅳ	7	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
10	F	50	MSSA		7	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
11	M	3	MRSA	Ⅳ	22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
12	M	34	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
13	F	22	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
14	F	29	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
15	M	37	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
16	F	34	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
17	F	41	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
18	M	26	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
19	M	2	MSSA		22	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
20	M	11	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
21	M	4	MSSA		22	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
22	F	46	MSSA		22	Moderate	P	P	N	N	P	P
23	M	9	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
24	F	34	MSSA		22	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
25	F	29	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
26	M	8	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
27	M	22	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
28	F	73	MSSA		22	Weak	P	P	N	N	P	P
29	M	33	MSSA		398	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
30	M	20	MSSA		398	Weak	N	N	N	N	P	P
31	M	23	MSSA		398	Moderate	N	P	N	N	P	P
32	M	29	MSSA		398	Moderate	N	P	N	N	P	P
33	M	59	MSSA		398	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
34	M	61	MSSA		188	Moderate	N	P	N	N	P	P
35	M	35	MSSA		188	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
36	M	27	MSSA		188	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
37	M	9	MSSA		188	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
38	F	3	MSSA		121	Weak	N	N	P	P	P	P
39	M	28	MSSA		121	Weak	N	N	P	P	P	P
40	F	28	MSSA		5	Moderate	N	P	N	N	P	P
41	F	85	MSSA		5	Weak	N	P	N	N	P	P
42	M	24	MSSA		88	Moderate	P	P	N	N	P	P
43	F	26	MSSA		6	Moderate	N	P	N	N	P	P
44	M	28	MSSA		1	Moderate	N	P	N	N	P	P

Abbreviations: lukS/lukF, Panton–Valentine leukocidin genes; icaA and D, Intracellular adhesion molecules A and D; tst-1, Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1; etA, Exfoliative toxin A; edinA, Epidermal cell differentiation inhibitor A.

Figure 1 Neighbor-Joining tree of ST22 S. aureus isolates. The tree was rooted by the representative reference genomes of ST22 EMRSA-15 (HO 5096 0412 and H-EMRSA-15). The optimal tree with the sum of branch length =0.00212286 is shown. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths in the same units as those of the evolutionary distances used to infer the phylogenetic tree. The evolutionary distances were computed using the Maximum Composite Likelihood method and are in the units of the number of base substitutions per site. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA X.

Table 2 Biofilm formation ability of MSSA and MRSA

Biofilm formation	MSSA		MRSA
	Number	Percent	Number	Percent
Moderate	9	25.7	7	77.8
Weak	26	74.3	2	22.2

Table 3 The sensitivities of antibiotics between weak biofilm and moderate biofilm producers among MSSA subgroup

Antibiotics	Weak biofilm (%) (N=26)	Moderate biofilm (%) (N=9)	p
Benzylpenicillin	15.4	11.1	0.62
Clindamycin	46.2	22.3	0.19
Erythromycin	42.3	33.3	0.47
Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim	92.3	55.6	0.03*
Gentamycin	92.3	66.7	0.1
Ciprofloxacin	92.3	77.8	0.27
Levofloxacin	96.15	77.8	0.16
Rifampicin	100	100	1
Linezolid	100	100	1
Moxifloxacin	100	100	1
Vancomycin	100	100	1
Tetracycline	100	100	1
Tigecycline	100	100	1