Bacterial Profile And Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern Of Urinary Tract Infection Among Children Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Sociodemographic Characteristics Of The Study Subjects Investigated For UTI In Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (February 2013 To May 2013)

Variables	Frequency	Percentage
Sex
Male	83	32
Female	176	68
Age
5–10	80	30.9
11–15	179	69.1
Residence
Urban	98	37.8
Rural	161	62.2

Table 2 The Isolation Rate Of UTI In Children Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital In Relation With Their Associated Risk Factors And Gram Stain (February 2013 To May 2013)

Category	Significant Bacteriuria
	Yes	No
	N (%)	N (%)	Total	P-value
Sex
Male	9 (22)	74 (33.9)	83	0.18
Female	32 (78)	144 (66.1)	176
Age (years)
5–10	13 (31.7)	67 (30.7)	80	0.9
11–15	28 (68.3)	151 (69.3)	179
Urinary tract abnormality in children
Yes	6 (14.6)	41 (18.8)	47	0.6
No	35 (85.4)	177 (81.2)	212	35 (85.4)
History of UTI in parents
Yes	9 (21.9)	23 (10.6)	32	0.034
No	32 (79.1)	195 (89.4)	227
Previous history of catheterization
Catheterized	0 (0)	3 (1.4)	3	0.6
Non-catheterized	41 (100)	215 (98.6)	256
Gram stain
Gram positive bacteria	11 (26.8)	-	11
Gram negative bacteria	30 (73.2)	-	30
Total	41 (100)	218 (100)	259 (100)

Figure 1 Distribution of uropathogens isolated from children attending Bahir Dar Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital, February 2013 to May 2013.

Table 3 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Children With UTI Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (February 2013 To May 2013)

Isolates Total (n=30)		Antimicrobial Agents N (%)
		Amp	CIP	CRO	AMC	CN	F	SXT	NOR	NA	CAZ
E. coli(n=14)	S	0 (0)	10 (71.4)	8 (57.1)	6 (42.9)	6(42.9)	3(21.4)	6(42.9)	10(71.4)	6(42.9)	ND
	I	0 (0)	1 (7.2)	1 (7.2)	0 (0)	1(7.1)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	1(7.1)	ND
	R	14 (100)	3 (21.4)	5 (35.7)	8 (57.1)	7(50)	11(78.6)	8(57.1)	4(28.6)	7(50)	ND
Pseudomonas spp. N=9	S	6 (66.7)	7 (77.8)	5 (55.6)	5 (55.6)	7(77.8)	0(0)	2(14.2)	6(66.7)	ND	3(33)
	I	0 (0)	2 (14.2)	2 (14.2)	2 (14.2)	0(0)	5(55.6)	1(7.1)	1(7.1)	ND	0(0)
	R	3 (33.3)	0 (0)	2 (14.2)	2 (14.2)	2(14.2)	4(44.4)	6(66.7)	2(14.2)	ND	6(66.7)
Klebsiella spp. n=5	S	0 (0)	3 (60)	4 (80)	0 (0)	0(0)	0(0)	1(20)	`2(40)	5(100)	ND
	I	0 (0)	1 (20)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1(20)	1(20)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	ND
	R	5 (100)	1 (20)	1 (20)	5 (100)	4(80)	4(80)	4(80)	3(60)	0(0)	ND
Enterobacter spp. n=1	S	0 (0)	1 (100)	1 (100)	0 (0)	1(100)	0(0)	1(100)	1(100)	0(0)	ND
	I	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	ND
	R	1 (100)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	0(0)	1(100)	0(0)	0(0)	1(100)	ND
Citrobacter spp. n=1	S	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	1 (100)	1(100)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	ND
	I	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)	ND
	R	1 (100)	1 (100)	1 (100)	0 (0)	0(0)	1(100)	1(100)	1(100)	1(100)	ND
Total, n=30	S	6 (20)	21 (70)	18 (60)	12 (40)	15(50)	3(10)	10(33.3)	19(63.4)	11(52.3)	3(33.3)
	I	0 (0)	4 (13.3)	3 (10)	2 (6.7)	2(6.7)	6(20)	1(3.3)	1(3.3)	1(4.8)	0(0)
	R	24 (80)	5 (16.6)	9 (30)	16 (53.3)	13(43.3)	21(70)	19(63.4)	10(33.3)	9(42.9)	6(66.7)

Abbreviations: AMP, ampicillin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; CRO, ceftriaxone; AMC, amoxicillin-clavulanate; CN, gentamicin; F, nitrofurantoin; NOR, norfloxacin; SXT, cotrimoxazole; NA, nalidixic acid; CAZ-ceftazidime; ND, not done.

Table 4 Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern Of Gram-Positive Bacteria Isolated From Children With UTI Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (February 2013 To May 2013)

Isolates	Antimicrobial Agents N (%)
		AMP	Ox	F	P	SXT	CIP	E
S. aureus N=3	S	0 (0)	2 (66.7)	2 (66.7)	0 (0)	0(0)	3(100)	2(66.7)
	I	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
	R	3 (100)	1 (33.3)	1 (33.3)	3 (100)	3(100)	0(0)	(133.3)
S. saprophyticus N=6	S	1 (16.7)	4 (66.7)	2 (33.3)	6 (100)	6(100)	4(66.7)	5(83.3)
	I	0 (0)	0 (0)	2 (33.3)	0 (0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
	R	5 (83.3)	2 (33.3)	2 (33.3)	0 (0)	0(0)	2(33.3)	1(16.7)
Enterococcus spp. N=2	S	1 (50)	ND	0 (0)	2 (100)	2(100)	ND	1(50)
	I	0 (0)	ND	2 (100)	0 (0)	0(0)	ND	0(0)
	R	1 (50)	ND	0 (0)	0 (0)	0(0)	ND	1(50)
Total, N=11	S	2 (18.2)	6 (66.7)	4 (36.4)	8 (72.8)	8(72.8)	7(77.8)	8(72.7)
	I	0 (0)	0 (0)	4 (36.4)	0 (0)	0(0)	0(0)	0(0)
	R	9 (81.8)	3 (33.3)	3 (27.2)	3 (27.2)	3(27.2)	2(22.2)	3(27.2)

Abbreviations: AMP, ampicillin; ox, cefoxitin; F, nitrofurantoin; p, penicillin; SXT, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole; CIP, ciprofloxacin; E, erythromycin; CL, clindamycin; ND, not done.

Table 5 Multidrug Resistance Pattern Of Gram-Positive And Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated From Urine Culture Of Children Attending Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital (February 2013 To May 2013)

Number Of Isolated Gram-Negative Bacteria	Number Of MDR, n (%)
E. coli (n=14)	13 (92.9)
Pseudomonas spp. (n=9)	5 (55.6)
Klebsiella spp. (n=5)	5 (100)
Enterobacter spp. (n=1)	1 (100)
Citrobacter spp. (n=1)	1 (100)
Sub-total (n=30)	25 (83.3)
Number Of Isolated Gram-Positive Bacteria	Number Of MDR, n (%)
S. aureus (n=3)	3 (100)
S. saprophyticus (n=6)	6 (100)
Enterococcus spp. (n=2)	2 (100)
Sub-total (n=11)	11 (100)
Total (n=41)	37 (90.3)