High rate of multiresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from human and animal origin

Figures & data

Table 1 Antibiotic resistance profiles of K. pneumoniae isolates from different host origins

Antibiotic agents	Resistant strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from different host sources (%)
	Humans (52)	Cows (25)	Sheep (20)	Pigs (47)	Chicken (45)	Total (189)
AK	59.6 (31)	32.0 (8)	20.0 (4)	76.6 (36)	46.7 (21)	52.9 (100)
AMP	80.8 (42)	36.0 (9)	15.0 (3)	85.1 (40)	71.1 (32)	66.7 (126)
AMC	53.9 (28)	28.0 (7)	15.0 (3)	63.8 (30)	48.9 (22)	47.6 (90)
AZM	38.5 (20)	12.0 (3)	10.0 (2)	44.7 (21)	42.2 (19)	34.4 (65)
CAZ	67.3 (35)	40.0 (10)	15.0 (3)	53.2 (25)	37. 8 (17)	47.6 (90)
CTX	53.9 (28)	24.0 (6)	10.0 (2)	55.3 (26)	42.2 (19)	42.9 (81)
CLI	44.2 (23)	44.0 (11)	40.0 (8)	74.5 (35)	53.3 (24)	53.4 (101)
CIP	75.0 (39)	64.0 (16)	70.0 (14)	87.2 (41)	82.2 (37)	77.8 (147)
ERY	48.1 (25)	28.0 (7)	30.0 (6)	66.0 (31)	64.4 (29)	51.9 (98)
GAT	36.5 (19)	12.0 (3)	10.0 (2)	23.4 (11)	15.6 (7)	22.2 (42)
IMP	42.3 (22)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	4.3 (2)	2.2 (1)	13.2 (25)
KAN	69.2 (36)	48.0 (12)	45.0 (9)	78.7 (37)	62.2 (28)	64.6 (122)
MEM	38.5 (20)	0.0 (0)	0.0 (0)	2.1 (1)	2.2 (1)	11.6 (22)
TCY	69.2 (36)	52.0 (13)	60.0 (12)	74.5 (35)	73.3 (33)	68.3 (129)
VAN	46.2 (24)	12.0 (3)	10.0 (2)	10.6 (5)	6.7 (3)	19.6 (37)
MDR	90.4 (47)	52.0 (13)	50.0 (10)	93.6 (44)	88. 9 (40)	81.5 (154)

Abbreviations: AK, amikacin; AMP, ampicillin; AMC, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid; AZM, azithromycin; CAZ, ceftazidime; CTX, cefotaxime; CLI, clindamycin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; ERY, erythromycin; GAT, gatifloxacin; IMP, imipenem; KAN, kanamycin; MEM, meropenem; TCY, tetracycline; VAN, vancomycin; MDR, multidrug resistant.

Table 2 Distribution of virulence genes among K. pneumoniae isolates from different hosts

Strain origin	HMV	Distribution of virulence genes (number of strains, %)
		magA	rmpA	mrkD	fimH-1	entB
Humans (52)	20 (38.5)	6 (11.5)	9 (17.3)	48 (92.3)	51 (98.1)	52 (100)
Cows (25)	3 (12.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	18 (72.0)	22 (88.0)	23 (92.0)
Sheep (20)	1 (5.0)	0 (0)	0 (0)	11 (55.0)	12 (60.0)	16 (80.0)
Pigs (47)	15 (31.9)	3 (6.4)	6 (12.8)	42 (89.4)	45 (95.7)	47 (100)
Chicken (45)	9 (20.0)	4 (8.9)	5 (11.1)	35 (77.8)	43 (95.6)	45 (100)
Total (189)	48 (25.4)	13 (6.9)	20 (10.6)	154 (81.5)	173 (91.5)	183 (96.8)

Abbreviation: HMV, hypermucoviscous phenotype.

Table 3 Distribution of antibiotic-resistance genes of K. pneumoniae isolates from different hosts

Strain origin	ESBL phenotype	Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes (number of strains, %)
		blaKPC	blaNDM	blaSHV	blaTEM	qnrA	qnrB	tolC
Humans (52)	25 (48.1)	22 (42.3)	2 (3.8)	27 (51.9)	19 (36.5)	32 (61.5)	18 (34.6)	34 (65.4)
Cows (25)	5 (20.0)	1 (4.0)	–	2 (8.0)	3 (12.0)	14 (56.0)	10 (40.0)	8 (32.0)
Sheep (20)	2 (10.0)	1 (5.0)	–	1 (5.0)	2 (10.0)	11 (55.0)	7 (35.0)	12 (60.0)
Pigs (47)	21 (44.7)	24 (51.1)	1 (2.1)	7 (14.9)	14 (29.8)	29 (61.7)	19 (40.4)	35 (74.5)
Chicken (45)	14 (31.1)	9 (20.0)	2 (4.4)	13 (28.9)	17 (37.8)	33 (73.3)	16 (35.6)	32 (71.1)
Total (189)	67 (35.4)	57 (30.2)	5 (2.6)	50 (26.0)	55 (29.1)	119 (63.0)	70 (37.0)	121 (64.0)

Table 4 Multilocus sequence types of K. pneumoniae isolates from different host origins

Strain origin	Sequence type (number of strains, %)
Humans (52)	ST11 (18, 34.6%), ST23 (6, 11.5%), ST235 (8, 15.4%), ST258 (16, 30.8%), ST980 (1, 1.9%), ST1123 (1, 1.9%), ST1670 (2, 3.8%)
Cows (25)	ST11 (7, 28.0%), ST65 (1, 4.0%), ST99 (2, 8.0%), ST187 (13, 52.0%), ST1120 (2, 8.0%)
Sheep (20)	ST11 (6, 30.0%), ST64 (1, 5.0%), ST147 (2, 10.0%), ST237 (10, 50.0%), ST262 (1, 1.0%)
Pigs (47)	ST11 (17, 36.2%), ST106 (2, 4.3%), ST235 (8, 17.0%), ST258 (12, 25.5%), ST263 (2, 4.3%), ST270 (4, 8.5%), ST1102 (1, 2.1%), ST1863 (1, 2.1%)
Chickens (45)	ST11 (7, 15.6%), ST37 (1, 2.2%), ST187 (2, 4.4%), ST235 (12, 26.7%), ST258 (14, 31.1%), ST726 (6, 13.3%), ST2019 (2, 4.4%), ST2021 (1, 2.2%)

Figure 1 Pearson’s correlation analysis of the ST types, drug-resistance genes and virulence genes of the 189 K. pneumoniae isolates.