Acinetobacter baumannii Efflux Pumps and Antibiotic Resistance

Figures & data

Figure 1 Five main MDEPs with their well-known examples and antibiotic substrates. Data from Yılmaz and Özcengiz.⁹¹

Abbreviations: OMP, outer membrane protein; SMR, the small multidrug resistance family; MFS, the major facilitator superfamily; ABC, ATP-binding cassette superfamily; MATE, the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion family; RND, the resistance-nodulation division family.

Figure 2 Schematic organization of the ade gene cluster. Data from Wieczorek et al.¹³

Table 1 Efflux Pump Families in Acinetobacter baumannii with Strains Which Pumps Described for the First Time

Pump Type	Strain	Cloned Gene/Bacteria	Role	References
MFS	AIIMS 7	Gfp/E. coli DH5	Adherence, biofilm formation, and probable eDNA release	(^Citation56)
RND	BM4709	AdeB cpn60, fusA, gltA, pyrG, recA, rplB,	Multidrug resistance (MDR)	(^Citation49)
MATE Family	ATCC 19606	abeM/E. coli	Drug resistance	(^Citation92)
ABC	E172Q mutant	macB/E. coli BL21	Actively extrudes substrates, including macrolide antibiotics, virulence	(^Citation68)
SMR family	AC0037	AbeS/Escherichia coli KAM32	Antimicrobial resistance	(^Citation59)
A1S_1535	Strain AG100A	ABAYE_0913 E. coli	Antimicrobials	(^Citation93)
CraA	ATCC 19606	Vector pEX100T	Chloramphenicol Resistance	(^Citation94)
CmlA	AYE strain	E. coli KAM32	Chloramphenicol Resistance	(^Citation95)
FloR	_	E.coli ATCC 25922	Florfenicol‐resistant	(^Citation96)
AmvA	AC0037	E.coli KAM32	Elevated tolerance to antibacterial agents	(^Citation97)
AceI	_	E. coli BL21	Resistance to additional biocides, including benzalkonium, dequalinium, proflavine, and acriflavine	(^Citation98)
A1S_0536	ATCC 17978	E. coli	Resistance to tigecycline, imipenem, and amikacin	(^Citation99)
AbaQ	ATCC 17978	E. coli	Quinolone Resistance	(^Citation100)
EmrB	ABO12199	E. coli	Colistin Resistance	(^Citation46)

Figure 3 Structures of the main developed Efflux pump inhibitors.

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