Role Of Vitamin-D Supplementation In TB/HIV Co-Infected Patients

Figures & data

Figure 1 The metabolism of vitamin D.

Figure 2 Role of vitamin D for the production of cathelicidin. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-derived macrophages with TLR2/1L stimulate the expression of VDR that connects to Vit-D and inhibits Mtb through inducing innate immune responses that produce cathelicidin.

Table 1 Sputum Conversions By Vit-D And Placebo Administration.

Group	Sputum Conversion		Total	P-value
	Yes	No
Vit-D	34	0	34	0.002
Placebo	25	08	33
Total	59	08	67

Note: Adapted from Nursym EW, Amin Z, Rumende CM. The effect of Vitamin D as supplmentary treatment in patients with moderately advanced pulmonary tuberclosis lesion. Acta Med Indones. 2006;38(1):3-5.⁴⁸

Figure 3 The role of autophagy and CAMP in 1,25D₃-mediated inhibition of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and HIV. HIV budding occurs into the multivesicular endosomes of macrophages. Mtb enters through phagocytosis. Cytochrome p450, family 27, subfamily B, polypeptide 1 (CYP27B1) 1α-hydroxyls the inactive 25D₃ into the active 1,25D₃. 1,25D₃ induces the expression of camp, presumably by binding to the Vit-D (1,25D₃) receptor (VDR), which heterodimerizes with the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and directly regulates transcription by binding to the vitamin D response element (VDRE) consensus sequence located upstream of the Camp gene. The expression of camp is required both for autophagosome and phagolysosome biogenesis, which leads to killing of the microbial pathogens through autophagy. Adapted from Jo EK. Innate immunity to mycobacteria: vitamin D and autophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2010;12(8):1026-1035. ^© 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.³⁹

Nursym EW, Amin Z, Rumende CM. The effect of Vitamin D as supplmentary treatment in patients with moderately advanced pulmonary tuberclosis lesion. Acta Med Indones. 2006;38(1):3–5.16479024

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Jo EK. Innate immunity to mycobacteria: vitamin D and autophagy. Cell Microbiol. 2010;12(8):1026–1035. doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2010.01491.x20557314

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