More Than Half Prevalence of Protozoan Parasitic Infections Among Diarrheic Outpatients in Eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2019; A Cross-Sectional Study

Figures & data

Table 1 Demographic Characteristic of Study Participants in Governmental Health Facilities of Adigrat Town, Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2019

Variables	Category	Number	Percentage
Sex	Male	214	51.2
Female	204	48.8
Age	<5	38	9.1
	5–14	34	8.1
	15–24	110	26.3
	25–34	90	21.5
	35–44	56	13.4
	≥45	90	21.5
Occupations	Civil servant	66	15.8
	Self employed	60	14.4
	Farmer	40	9.6
	Unemployed	252	60.3
Educational level	Illiterate	86	20.6
	1–8	138	33
	9–12	106	25.6
	College and above	88	21.1
Residence	Urban	280	67
Rural	138	33

Table 2 Distribution of Parasitic Infection by Sex and Age Among Diarrheic Patients in Governmental Health Facility of Adigrat Town, Tigrai, Ethiopia, 2019

Parasite Species	Sex, n (%)			Age (Year), n (%)
	Male	Female		<5	5–14	15–24	25–34	35–44	≥45
Single infection
E. histolytica complex	72(17.22)		94(22.49)	16(3.83)	20(4.78)	36(8.61)	44(10.53)	24(5.74)	26(6.22)
G. duodenalis	24(5.74)		22(5.26)	6(1.44)	4(0.96)	6(1.44)	4(0.96)	4(0.96)	22(5.26)
Taenia species	2(0.48)		–	–	–	2(0.49)	–	–	–
E. vermicularis	–		2(0.48)	–	–	2(0.49)	–	–	–
Mixed infection
E.histolytica complex + G. duodenalis	20(4.78)	14(3.35)		4(0.96)	2(0.49)	8(1.91)	8(1.91)	4(0.96)	8(1.91)
E. histolytica complex + H. nana	2(0.48)	–		–	–	2(0.49)	–	–	–

Abbreviations: E. histolytica complex, Entamoeba histolytica complex; G. duodenalis, Giardia duodenalis; E. vermicularis, Enterobius vermicularis; H.nana, Hymenolepis nana; –, missing data.

Table 3 Factors Associated with the Occurrence of Protozoa Among Diarrheic Patients in Governmental Health Facilities of Adigrat Town, Tigrai, Ethiopia 2019

Variables		Parasite Status, n (%)		COR (95CI)	P-value	AOR (95CI)	P-value
		Positive	Negative
Source of drinking water	Pipe water	168(57.9)	122(42.1)			1
	Well water	8(36.4)	14(63.6)	2.38(0.97–5.85)	0.059	3.08(1.19–8.00)	0.021
	River water	22(64.7)	12(35.3)	0.74(0.354–1.56)	0.430
	Hand pipe	54(75)	18(25)	0.454(0.253–812)	0.008	0.78(0.35–3.37)	0.546
Presence of Latrine	Yes	154(53.4)	124(46.6)			1
No	98(70)	42(30)	1.88(1.22–2.88)	0.004	1.87(1.21–2.89)	0.04
Habit of hand washing after toilet	Yes	174(57.2)	130(42.8)	1		1
No	78(68.4)	36(31.6)	1.62(1.03–2.55)	0.04	0.94(0.56–1.58)	0.823
Habit of handwashing before food	Yes	238(94.4)	14(5.6)			1
No	148(89.2)	18(10.8)	2.06(0.99–4.28)	0.050	3.3(1.42–7.90)	0.006
Habit of nail trimming	Yes	112(47.5)	124(52.5)				1
No	140(76.9)	42(23.1)	3.69(2.40–5.67)	0.00	1.713(1.11–2.65)	0.016
Presence of dirty nail	Yes	179(75.2)	59(24.8)	4.44(2.93–6.76)	0.000	4.28(2.73–6.73)	0.000
No	73(40.5)	107(59.5)	1		1
Eating raw vegetables	Yes	134(59.8)	90(40.2)	1.043(0.704–1.545)	0.834
No	118(60.8)	76(39.2)	1
Personal hygiene	Yes	164(54.3)	138(45.7)	1
No	88(75.9)	28(24.1)	0.804(0.49–131)	0.38
Presence waste disposal	Yes	140(55.6)	112(44.4)		1
No	112(67.4)	54(32.6)	1.66(0.93–2.956)	0.086	1.17(0.612–2.24)	0.63

Note: 1 (referent).

Abbreviations: COR, crude odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; AOR, adjusted odds ratio.