Evaluation of Resistance Mechanisms in Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae

Figures & data

Table 1 List of Primers and Expected Amplicon Size in This Study

Gene	Forward Sequence [5–3]	Reverse Sequence [5–3]	Amplicon Size (bp)	Reference
blaKPC	CGTCTAGTTCTGCTGTCTTG	CTTGTCATCCTTGTTAGGCG	798	[^Citation22]
blaNDM	GGTTTGGCGATCTGGTTTTC	CGGAATGGCTCATCACGATC	621	[^Citation22]
blaOXA-48-like	GCGTGGTTAAGGATGAACAC	CATCAAGTTCAACCCAACCG	438	[^Citation22]
blaIMP	GGAATAGAGTGGCTTAAYTCTC	GGTTTAAYAAAACAACCACC	232	[^Citation22]
blaVIM	GATGGTGTTTGGTCGCATA	CGAATGCGCAGCACCAG	390	[^Citation22]
OmpK35	CTCCAGCTCTAACCGTAGCG	GGTCTGTACGTAGCCGATGG	241	[^Citation23]
OmpK36	GAAATTTATAACAAAGACGGC	GACGTTACGTCGTATACTACG	305	[^Citation23]

Figure 1 Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and Enterobacter spp. isolates.

Figure 2 Distribution of imipenem and meropenem MICs in K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and Enterobacter spp. isolates.

Table 2 The Susceptibility Testing Results in Carbapenemase-Producing Isolates

Genotype	Species N (%)	Antibiotics	MIC (µg/mL)
			4	8	16	32	64
blaOXA-48-like	K. pneumoniae 15 (25.4) Enterobacter spp. 3 (5.1)	IMI MEM	5 2	7 1	4 10	2 5	0 0
blaNDM	K. pneumoniae 6 (10.1) E. coli 5 (8.8)	IMI MEM	2 1	4 3	4 5	0 1	1 1
blaOXA-48-like + blaNDM	K. pneumoniae 8 (13.5)	IMI MEM	3 1	1 3	2 3	2 1	0 0
blaNDM + blaVIM	K. pneumoniae (1.6) E. coli 1 (1.6)	IMI MEM	0 0	1 1	0 0	0 0	1 1
blaNDM + blaIMP	K. pneumoniae 3 (3.3)	IMI MEM	0 1	2 1	1 0	0 1	0 0
blaOXA-48-like + blaIMP	K. pneumoniae 6 (10.1)	IMI MEM	0 0	4 3	1 1	1 2	0 0
blaOXA-48-like+ blaVIM	K. pneumoniae 4 (6.7)	IMI MEM	1 0	1 1	1 1	1 2	0 0
blaOXA-48-like+ blaKPC	K. pneumoniae 1 (1.6)	IMI MEM	0 0	0 1	1 0	0 0	0 0
blaNDM+ blaKPC	K. pneumoniae 1 (1.6)	IMI MEM	0 0	0 0	1 1	0 0	0 0
blaOXA-48-like+ blaNDM + blaIMP	K. pneumoniae 2 (3.3)	IMI MEM	0 0	1 1	0 0	0 0	1 1
blaOXA-48-like+ blaNDM + blaVIM	K. pneumoniae 1 (1.6)	IMI MEM	0 0	0 0	0 0	0 0	1 1
blaOXA-48-like+ blaNDM + blaKPC	K. pneumoniae 2 (3.3)	IMI MEM	0 0	0 0	0 0	2 0	0 2

Abbreviations: MIC, minimum inhibitory concentration; IMI, imipenem; MEM, meropenem.

Table 3 The Frequency of Carbapenemase Genes and AmpC Overproduction in CRE Isolates

Genotype	K. pneumoniae	E. coli	Enterobacter spp.
blaOXA-48-like	39	0	3
blaNDM	24	6	0
blaVIM	6	1	0
blaIMP	11	0	0
blaKPC	4	0	0
AmpC	3	0	4

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