Prevalence of Tuberculosis by Automated GeneXpert Rifampicin Assay and Associated Risk Factors Among Presumptive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients at Ataye District Hospital, North East Ethiopia

Figures & data

Table 1 Socio-Demographic Characteristics of PTB Suspected Cases at Ataye District Hospital from October 1, 2018, to February 30, 2019 (N=423)

Parameter	MTB Detected No. (%)	MTB Not Detected No. (%)	Frequency No. (%)
Sex
Male	24 (63.16)	229 (59.48)	253 (59.8)
Female	14 (36.84)	156 (40.52)	170 (40.2)
Age
<18 yrs	4 (10.53)	47(12.21)	51(12.1)
18–24 yrs	6 (15.79)	159 (41.3)	165 (39)
25–34 yrs	12 (31.58)	67 (17.4)	79 (18.7)
35–44 yrs	5 (13.16)	75 (19.48)	80(18.9)
≥45 yrs	11 (28.95)	37 (9.61)	48 (11.3)
Marital Status
Single	20 (52.63)	259 (67.27)	279 (66)
Married	17(44.74)	93(24.16)	110(26)
Divorced	0	9 (2.34)	9 (2.1)
Widowed	1 (2.63)	24 (6.23)	25 (5.9)
Residency
Rural	23 (60.53)	224 (58.18)	247 (58.4)
Urban	15 (39.47)	161 (41.82)	176 (41.6)
Educational Level
Illiterate	11 (28.95)	205 (53.25)	216 (51)
Read and write	9 (23.68)	62 (16.1)	71 (16.8)
Primary/Secondary	14 (36.84)	92 (23.9)	106 (25.1)
Higher Education	4 (10.3)	26 (6.75)	30 (7.1)
Monthly Income
<500	3 (7.9)	60 (15.58)	63 (14.9)
500–1000	9 (23.68)	76 (19.74)	85 (20.1)
1001–1500	5 (13.16)	97 (25.19)	102 (24.1)
>1500	21 (55.26)	152 (39.48)	173 (40.9)

Table 2 Clinical Signs and Symptoms of PTB Suspected Cases at Ataye District Hospital from October 2018 to February 2019 (N=423)

Parameter	MTB Detected No. (%)	MTB Not Detected No. (%)	Total No. (%)
Chronic Cough
Yes	36 (94.74)	376 (97.66)	412 (97.4)
No	2 (5.26)	9 (2.34)	11 (2.6)
Sputum Production
Yes	38 (100)	373 (96.88)	411 (97.2)
No	0	12 (3.12)	12 (2.8)
Night Sweat
Yes	37 (97.37)	358 (92.99)	395 (93.4)
No	1 (2.63)	27 (7.01)	28 (6.6)
Fatigue
Yes	38 (100)	375 (97.4)	413 (97.6)
No	0	10 (2.6)	10 (2.4)
Shortness of Breath
Yes	38 (100)	346 (89.87)	384 (90.8)
No	0	39 (10.13)	39 (9.2)
Loss of Appetites
Yes	35 (92.11)	265 (68.83)	300 (70.9)
No	3 (7.89)	120 (31.17)	123 (29.1)
Weight Loss
Yes	35 (92.11)	244 (63.38)	279 (66)
No	3 (7.89)	141 (36.62)	144 (34)
Chest Pain
Yes	35 (92.11)	267 (69.35)	302 (71.4)
No	3 (7.89)	118 (30.65)	121 (28.6)
Fever
Yes	29 (76.32)	238 (61.82)	267 (63.1)
No	9 (23.68)	147 (38.18)	156 (36.9)
Duration of Coming at H/F
After Developing S/S?
Before 2 wks	4 (10.53)	64 (16.62)	68 (16.1)
2–5 wks	31 (81.58)	181 (47.01)	212 (50.1)
>5 wks	3 (7.89)	(36.36)	143 (33.8)

Table 3 Risk Factor-Related Characteristics Among PTB Suspected Cases at Ataye District Hospital from October 2018, to February 2019 (N=423)

Parameter	MTB Detected No. (%)	MTB Not Detected No. (%)	Total No. (%)
No of Family Members
1 up to 3	8 (21.05)	82 (21.3)	90 (21.3)
4 up to 6	28 (73.68)	234 (60.78)	262 (61.9)
More than 6	2 (5.26)	69 (17.92)	71 (16.8)
Contact History with Known TB-iInfected pt
Yes	19 (50)	61 (15.84)	80(18.9)
No	19 (50)	324 (84.16)	343(81.1)
Contact with Confirmed TB
Family member	3 (15.79)	38 (62.3)	41 (51.25)
Friends	11 (57.89)	11 (18.03)	22 (27.5)
Neighbor	4 (21.05)	12 (19.67)	16(20)
Others	1 (5.26)	0	1 (1.25)
Frequent Utilization of Congested Transportation
Yes	37 (97.37)	315 (81.82)	352 (83.2)
No	1 (2.63)	70 (18.18)	71 (16.8)
Imprisonment History
Yes	15 (39.47)	81 (21.04)	96 (22.7)
No	23 (60.53)	304 (78.96)	327 (77.3)
Previous PTB History
Yes	6 (15.79)	23 (5.97)	29 (6.9)
No	32 (84.21)	362 (94.03)	394 (93.1)
HIV Sero Status
Sero-reactive	3 (7.89)	11 (2.86)	14 (3.3)
Sero-non-reactive	31 (81.58)	331 (85.97)	362 (85.6)
Unknown	4 (10.53)	43 (11.17)	47 (11.11)
Cigarette Smoking History?
Yes	3 (7.89)	20 (5.19)	23 (5.4)
No	35 (92.11)	365 (94.81)	400 (94.6)
History of Drinking Alcohol?
Yes	11 (28.95)	90 (23.38)	101 (23.9)
No	27 (71.05)	295 (76.62)	322 (76.1)

Table 4 Univariate & Multivariate Analysis of Socio-Demographic Characteristics of PTB Suspected Study Participants at Ataye District Hospital from October 1, 2018, to February 30, 2019 (N=423)

Variables	COR [95% CI]	P-value	AOR [95% CI]	P-value
Age		0.001		*0.044
<18	2.26 [0.6–8.3]	0.22	1.7 [0.24–12.05]	0.598
18–24	7.9 [2.74–22.7]	<0.001	6.7 [1.5 −30.7]	*0.014
25–34	4.75 [1.7–13.2]	0.003	4.5 [1.2–16.4]	*0.023
35–44	1.77 [0.52–6]	0.36	1.44 [0.38 −5.4]	0.59
≥45	1		1
Educational level		0.054		0.623
Illiterate	0.35 [0.1–1.18]	0.089	0.87 [0.18–4.28]	0.87
Read and write	0.94 [0.27–3.34]	0.928	1.34 [0.3–5.97]	0.7
Primary/Secondary	0.99 [00.3–3.26]	0.986	0.68 [0.17–2.69]	0.58
Higher education	1		1
Marital status		0.074		0.91
Single	1.85 [0.24–14.4]	0.56	0.59 [0.06–6.44]	0.67
Married	4.4 [0.56–34.6]	0.16	0.83 [0.07–10.5]	0.89
Divorced	0.99 [0.00—]	0.99	0.000 [0.000—]	0.99
Widowed	1		1
Family size		0.158		0.102
1 up to 3	3.37 [0.7–16.4]	0.13	1.54 [0.27–8.87]	0.63
4 up to 6	4.13 [0.96–17.77]	0.057	3.5 [0.76–16.17]	0.11
More than 6	1		1
Monthly income		0.140		0.42
<500	0.362 [0.104–1.258]	0.110	0.38 [0.07–2.06]	0.26
500–1000	0.857 [0.375–1.962]	0.715	0.9 [0.32–2.54]	0.83
1001–1500	0.373 [0.14–1.02]	0.055	0.5 [0.17–1.46]	0.2
>1500	1		1

Note: Only significant values (P-value) are indicated by an asterisk indicator (*).

Table 5 Association of PTB with Clinical Characteristics Among Study Participants at Ataye District Hospital from October 1, 2018, to February 30, 2019 (N=423)

Variables	COR [95% CI]	P-value	AOR [95% CI]	P-value
Chronic Cough
Yes	0.431 [0.090–2.071]	0.293	0.58 [0.1–3.3]	0.54
No	1		1
Loss of Appetites
Yes	5.28 [1.59–17.52]	0.006	1.15 [0.19–7.05]	0.88
No	1		1
Weight Loss
Yes	6.74 [2.04–22.32]	0.002	6.3 [1.06–37.3]	*0.043
No	1		1
Chest Pain
Yes	5.16 [1.56–17.10]	0.007	5.58 [1.58–19.7]	*0.008
No	1		1
Fever
Yes	1.990 [0.92–4.32]	0.082	1.35 [0.58–3.17]	0.49
No	1		1
Duration of coming at H/F		0.001		0.006
After Developing S/S?
Before 2 wks	1		1
2–5 wks	2.740 [0.9–8.1]	0.067	1.74 [0.56–5.4]	0.34
>5 wks	0.34 [0.08–1.58]	0.169	0.25 [0.05–1.19]	0.08

Note: Only significant values (P-value) are indicated by an asterisk indicator (*).

Table 6 Association of Predisposing Factors with PTB Among Study Participants at Ataye District Hospital from October 1, 2018, to February 30, 2019 (N=423)

Variables	COR [95% CI]	P-value	AOR [95% CI]	P-value
Contact history with TB patient		<0.001		*<0.001
Yes	5.31 [2.60–10.61]		5.57 [2.69–11.56]
No	1		1
Congested Transportation
Yes	8.222 [1.11–60.94]	0.039	7.73 [1.004–59.6]	*0.05
No	1		1
Imprisonment History
Yes	2.45 [1.22–4.91]	0.012	2.26 [1.07–4.8]	*0.034
No	1		1
Previous PTB History
Yes	2.95 [1.120–7.773]	0.029	2.3 [0.81–6.62]	0.12
No	1		1
HIV sero status		0.285		0.2
Sero-reactive	1		1
Sero-non-reactive	0.343 [0.091–1.297]	0.115	0.28 [0.07–1.15]	0.076
Unknown	0.341 [0.07–1.753]	0.198	0.35 [0.06–2.08]	0.25

Note: Only significant values (P-value) are indicated by an asterisk indicator (*).